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| 7193460828 | Renaissance | The Renaissance describes the period of cultural rebirth in Europe throughout the fourteenth to the middle of the seventeenth century. The renaissance period impacted not only art, music, and literature from that time period, but also politics, religion, and society. It affected society by bringing forth inventions such as gunpowder and printing. It led to the decline of the feudal system and the development of Western civilization. |  | 0 |
| 7193461559 | Gilded Age | The Gilded Age was a period in American history towards the end of the 19th century in which the population and economy grew dramatically due to rapid immigration and Americans moving from farms to the cities. The outcome of this was the rise of political corruption and the birth of an American Middle Class. Some of the issues that rose from the diverse political views were disagreements on currency and tariff issues. This led to different standpoints from political leaders. |  | 1 |
| 7193461847 | Great Awakening | The Great Awakening was a series of religious battles between the colonies in North America during the 17th and 18th centuries. This affected the way that people saw the different religions. Many religions such as Quakers, Baptists, and Methodists gained many followers. This provided a spiritual message that God works directly through the people rather than churches and other public institutions. |  | 2 |
| 7193461848 | Columbian Exchange | The Columbian Exchange refers to period of cultural exchanges between new and old worlds. This began after Columbus's discovery in 1942 and lasted throughout the later periods of expansion and discovery. Exchanges of plants, animals, diseases, and technology changed the lives of Europeans and Native Americans in both good and terrible ways. Though advancements in agricultural production and increased education were good for both sides, the diseases that passed for deadly for both sides. |  | 3 |
| 7193463000 | Encomienda System | The encomienda system was a system created by the Spanish during the formation of the American colonies. This was made to regulate and control Native American labor and behavior in the colonies. Under this system, conquistadors and other leaders received grants of a number of Indians from whom they could exact tribute in the form of gold and labor. These leaders were supposed to protect and Christianize the Indians, but instead used them as slaves or for their land. This led to a greater use of slaves rather than the colonists doing the work. |  | 4 |
| 7193465751 | Protestant Reformation | The protestant reformation was a political, religious, and movement throughout the 16th century in which reformers questioned the Catholic church's ability to define how to worship God. This led to wars and persecutions, but more importantly it ended up allowing people to worship as they felt fit. Leaders of the reformation included Martin Luther, John Calvin, and King Henry VIII. |  | 5 |
| 7193466290 | Louisiana Purchase | The Louisiana Purchase was a land deal made between America and France in 1803. America acquired approximately 827,000 miles of land West of the Mississippi river. This purchase doubled the size of America which led to further Westward expansion. This also took away the imminent threats of the French army attacking the colonies. |  | 6 |
| 7244114638 | McCulloch V. Maryland (1819) | The McCulloch V. Maryland case dealt with James W. McCulloch and The Second Bank of America. In 1816, Congress established a bank and then in 1818, Maryland passed legislation to impose taxes on the bank. McCulloch refused to pay these taxes since the bank was not chartered within the state. Maryland ended up losing this case, as the taxes were ruled unconstitutional. This case is important because it showed that power comes from the citizens of the United States, not from the states that make it up. |  | 7 |
| 7244118916 | Marbury V. Madison (1803) | In the final hours of the Adams Administration, William Marbury had been appointed to justice of the peace for the District of Columbia. Marbury and three others who were also appointed petitioned for a writ of mandamus after James Madison refused to deliver their commissions. Chief Justice, John Marshall refused to issue the writs as he felt that the Constitution did not give the Supreme Court the power to issue writs of mandamus. This is important because it was the first time the Supreme Court announced that a court may declare an act of Congress void if it is inconsistent with the Constitution. |  | 8 |
| 7244122636 | Missouri Compromise | When Missouri had decided it wanted to become a state, an issue arose because there were currently 11 slave states and 11 free states. Missouri also happened to be right in the middle of the imaginary line between slave states and free states and was not declared either. By allowing Missouri to become a state, the balance of power would have been uneven, as there would've been one more slave state than free state or one more free state than slave state. The issue was resolved when Maine also decided it wanted to become a state. Maine became a free state since it was on that side of the imaginary line, which allowed Missouri to become a slave state. This was important because it kept the balance of power equal between the slave states and the free states. |  | 9 |
| 7244123351 | Republican Motherhood | The Republican Motherhood was the idea of educated women. This idea came about during the American Revolution. Since the men of the houses were often away, women were the primary caretakers of the children. In order for the republic to succeed, women needed to be schooled so they could teach their children. This is important because it led to women getting education and jobs and more rights than they had in the past. |  | 10 |
| 7244124462 | Panic of 1819 | The Panic of 1819 was a major financial crisis that happened from 1819 to 1824. During this crisis, banks had failed, mortgages foreclosed which forced thousands out of their homes and farms, and unemployment rose. This is important because it was the first time American citizens had to live through a tough financial crisis in the United states. Many of the citizens were left jobless and homeless. |  | 11 |
| 7244126333 | Panic of 1837 | The Panic of 1837 came from President Andrew Jackson's decision to transfer federal assets to chosen "pet" banks. This destroyed the United States' central banking system. Andrew Jackson's actions led to at least 800 banks suspending gold payments and 618 banks in just the first year alone. Through all of this, gold mainly disappeared as a currency and private bank currency began to be used. The Panic of 1837 was important because it helped us strengthen our banks. The actions of President Jackson impacted America greatly because the United States lost an estimated $741 million. | | 12 |
| 7244128814 | Transcendentalism | Transcendentalism is men and women having knowledge about themselves and the world around them that goes beyond their five senses. . This is important because it described a way of life that many people already knew, but did not know how to describe. It encouraged people to stop looking to Europe for answers and inspired themselves to obtain ideas and potential that was previously unobtainable. |  | 13 |
| 7260790571 | Seneca Falls Convention | The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention. This took place in Seneca Falls, New York and nearly 200 women attended. This was important because it gave women hope that they someday would have equal rights as men. This was just the beginning of that process. |  | 14 |
| 7260790893 | Abolitionism | Abolitionism is the movement to end slavery and racial discrimination and segregation. This was led by activists who hoped to destroy slavery where it already existed and stop it from moving further west. This was important because it raised issues that led to the Civil War. |  | 15 |
| 7260791390 | Chattel Slavery | Chattel Slavery is the view that slaves were property, not people. Since many people believed this, slaves were able to be sold or traded. This belief led to them getting poorly treated. This is important because chattel slavery was one of the many issues that led to the Civil War. |  | 16 |
| 7260791768 | Jim Crow Laws | The Jim Crow Laws were the laws used for segregation in America. These laws forced African-Americans to use different schools, parks, drinking fountains, restrooms, libraries, trains, restaurants, and bus seats than the whites. These were important because these laws made life hard for African-Americans (even harder than it already was for most.) These laws are also another issue that led to the Civil War. |  | 17 |
| 7260791946 | Kansas-Nebraska Act | The Kansas- Nebraska Act was an act passed by congress was passed that allowed people in Kansas and Nebraska to decide whether or not to have slavery or not in their borders. This act led to many elections, mostly within Kansas, to decide whether or not to have slavery within the territories. This was important because gave people the opinion and power to decide to have slaves. |  | 18 |
| 7260792605 | Progressivism | Progressivism is the movement that led to a political party composed mainly of urban, Northeast, middle-class, and educated men and women. This was important because this movement swept the nation This gave some people a different outlook and brought movement to a way people felt. |  | 19 |
| 7260793326 | W.E.B. Dubois | William Edward Burghardt Dubois was a civil rights leader and one of the most well known spokespeople of African American Rights.He was one of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. He was the very first African American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard. He was very important because he was influential in helping end slavery and segregation. He gave African Americans hope that slavery and segregation would come to an end. |  | 20 |
| 7260832623 | Theodore Roosevelt | Theodore was the 26th president of the United States and served two terms. He was a republican and believed in progressivism. He won a Noble Peace Prize and also helped the United States conserve natural forests. He was important because he was very kind and was a very good president. |  | 21 |
| 7260834622 | New Nationalism | New Nationalism is a political philosophy created by Theodore Roosevelt which promoted social justice and economic welfare of underprivileged citizens. This philosophy put human rights above property rights. This was important because it gave power to every member of society and not just the wealthy white men. It also regulated the government powers. |  | 22 |
| 7260834940 | American Exceptionalism | American Exceptionalism refers to the fact that the United States is a uniquely free nation that is based off of democratic ideas and personal freedom. It states that America followed a different path in history than other countries. This gave citizens a sense of pride and patriotism in their country and made them proud to be an American citizen. |  | 23 |
| 7260835346 | Manifest Destiny | The Manifest Destiny was the belief that the United States would continue to further expand across the entirety of North America. This was important because it gave citizens a sense of adventure which led them to actually further extend and eventually led us to the United States we know today. The idea that the United States would also enhance its political, social, and economic influences went along with this. |  | 24 |
| 7260835904 | League of Nations | The League of Nations was a group designed to enforce peace treaties and settle international disputes. The basic idea that the League of Nations followed was "War is not a crime only to the victim, but to the human community as a whole." This group was formed at the end of World War I. This group was important because it gave people hope that there wouldn't be any wars in the future. |  | 25 |
| 7260836068 | Treaty of Versailles | The Treaty of Versailles was a treaty written by the allied forces and was composed of 15 parts and 440 articles. It brought peace to the world towards the end of World War I. It stated that Germany had lost the first World War. This treaty was important because it ended World War I. |  | 26 |
| 7260836431 | Red Scare | The Red Scare was the fear and superstition that there were communists (also called "reds" during this time) in America. This happened during one of the most intense parts of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and America. The Red Scare was important because it lead to many precautions due to the superstition of there being Communists spies. It made the United States more aware of their surroundings and more superstitious of everyone they met. |  | 27 |
| 7261620805 | Prohibition | Prohibition was a period in America in which the 18th amendment was ratified. The 18th amendment banned the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcohol. This was important because it impacted society greatly and changed the way many Americans lived, since many of them deeply relied on alcohol. This made many people unhappy, which led to an increase in gang violence. The prohibition era was brought to an end in 1933 by the ratification of the 21st amendment which repealed the 18th amendment. |  | 28 |
| 7261621272 | The New Deal | The New Deal was President Franklin D. Roosevelt's plan to stabilize the economy and provide jobs and relief those who were suffering from the Great Depression. This brought economic relief, more federal government activities, and stronger industries, housing, and agriculture. This was important because it brought the American citizens hope for a better life that many had lost during the Great Depression. |  | 29 |
| 7261621656 | Manhattan Project | The Manhattan Project was a secret U.S. military project to create the first nuclear weapons in the United States. This project began in 1942, during World War II. The fear that Germany would build and use a nuclear weapon during the war is what triggered this project. The project was completed in 1946, at the end of World War II. The Manhattan Project was important because it put an end to World War II by forcing Japan to surrender due to the use of weapons of mass destruction from the project. |  | 30 |
| 7261622327 | Marshall Plan | The Marshall plan was an American initiative to help rebuild Western Europe's economy after World War II. The plan was proposed by the Secretary of State at the time, George C. Marshall. In between the years 1948 and 1951, the plan had raised over $13 billion to help Western Europe recovery from the major financial crisis. The Marshall Plan was important because it helped rebuild the economy in Western Europe after the war and strengthened America's relationship with Europe. |  | 31 |
| 7261622834 | Domino Theory | The Domino Theory was the idea that if one country had a communist government, then it spread to the neighboring countries and to the neighboring countries of those countries, so on and so on. They believed the spreading on a communist government was similar to dominoes falling. This theory was important because it played a key role in America joining the Vietnam War. |  | 32 |
| 7261623882 | Cuban Missile Crisis | The Cuban Missile Crisis was a 13-day political and military standoff in October of 1962. The standoff was over the installation of nuclear-armed Soviet missiles on Cuba, which was only 90 miles from the United States. The states created a naval blockade around Cuba and threatened to use military forces. Eventually, America and the Soviet Union came to an agreement. Russia would remove the missiles in Cuba, as long as America wouldn't invade Cuba and would remove the missiles they had installed in Turkey. This was important because it saved the United States from a potential nuclear attack. |  | 33 |
| 7261624667 | Potsdam Conference | The Potsdam Conference was a meeting between Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and President Harry Truman held in Potsdam, Germany. The meeting last from July 17th to August 2nd of 1945. These leaders discussed the punishments of Germany, war criminals, land boundaries, and a surrender from Japan. This meeting was important because it was when the negation terms for the end of World War II was discussed. |  | 34 |
