History terms sheet for AP US History
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| 483494567 | Articles of Confederation | a written agreement ratified in 1781 by the thirteen original states | 1 | |
| 483494568 | Northwest Ordinance | Enacted in 1787, it is considered one of the most significant achievements of the Articles of Confederation. It established a system for setting up governments in the western territories so they could eventually join the Union on an equal footing with the original 13 states | 2 | |
| 483494569 | Land Ordinance of 1785 | A law that divided much of the United States into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers. | 3 | |
| 483494570 | speculator | someone who risks losses for the possibility of considerable gains | 4 | |
| 483494571 | Shays' Rebellion | a group of 1200 farmers led by shay marched on the federal arsenal because he had fallen into debt of heavy state taxes | 5 | |
| 483565693 | Annapolis Convention | A convention held in September 1786 to consider problems of trade and navigation, attended by five states and important because it issued the call to Congress and the states for what became the Constitutional Convention | 6 | |
| 483565694 | Virginia Plan | delegate James Madison's plan of government, in which states got a number of representatives in Congress based on their population | 7 | |
| 483565695 | New Jersey Plan | Opposite of the Virginia Plan, it proposed a single-chamber congress in which each state had one vote. This created a conflict with representation between bigger states, who wanted control befitting their population, and smaller states, who didn't want to be bullied by larger states. | 8 | |
| 483565696 | Great Compromise | Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house | 9 | |
| 483565697 | Three-Fifths Compromise | The agreement by which the number of each state's representatives in Congress would be based on a count of all the free people plus three-fifths of the slaves | 10 | |
| 485544670 | electoral college | the body of electors who formally elect the United States president and vice-president | 11 | |
| 485544671 | Federalists | supporters of the stronger central govt. who advocated the ratification of the new constitution | 12 | |
| 485544672 | Anti-Federalists | opponents of a strong central government who campaigned against the ratification of the Constitution in favor of a confederation of independant states | 13 | |
| 485544673 | Strict Construction | way of interpreting the Constitution that allows the federal government to take only those actions the Constitution specifically says it can take | 14 | |
| 485544674 | Loose Construction | Belief that the government can do anything that the Constitution does not prohibit | 15 | |
| 485544675 | Enumerated Powers | the powers explicitly given to Congress in the Constitution. | 16 | |
| 485544676 | Implied Powers | powers that congress has that are not stated explicitly in the constitution | 17 | |
| 485544677 | Reserved Powers | powers that the Constitution does not give to the national government that are kept by the states | 18 | |
| 485544678 | Elastic Clause | the part of the Constitution that permits Congress to make any laws "necessary and proper" to carrying out its powers | 19 | |
| 485544679 | Supremacy Clause | The constitutional provision that makes the Constitution and federal laws superior to all conflicting state and local laws. | 20 | |
| 496064848 | seperation of power | Basic principle of American system of government, that the executive, legislative, and judicial powers are divided among three independent and coequal branches of government | 21 | |
| 496064849 | checks and balances | A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power | 22 | |
| 496064850 | John Adams | America's first Vice-President and second President. Sponsor of the American Revolution in Massachusetts, and wrote the Massachusetts guarantee that freedom of press "ought not to be restrained." | 23 | |
| 496064851 | Alexander Hamilton | Secretary of Treasury under George Washington. Helped to establish financial independence for the United States. Leader of the Federalists. | 24 | |
| 496064852 | Thomas Jefferson | He was a delegate from Virginia at the Second Continental Congress and wrote the Declaration of Independence. He later served as the third President of the United States. | 25 | |
| 496064853 | Henery Knox | Trusted general durring the Revolutionary War, also first Secratary of War | 26 | |
| 496064854 | James Madison | Fourth President of the United States. Know as the Father of the Constitution | 27 | |
| 496064855 | Judiciary Act of 1789 | In 1789 Congress passed this Act which created the federal-court system. The act managed to quiet popular apprehensions by establishing in each state a federal district court that operated according to local procedures. | 28 | |
| 496064856 | Bill of Rights | a statement of fundamental rights and privileges especially the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution | 29 | |
| 496064857 | John Jay | United States diplomat and jurist who negotiated peace treaties with Britain and served as the first chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1745-1829) | 30 | |
| 496064858 | Jay's Treaty | Was made up by John Jay. It said that Britain was to pay for Americans ships that were seized in 1793. It said that Americans had to pay British merchants debts owed from before the revolution and Britain had agreed to remove their troops from the Ohio Valley | 31 | |
| 496064859 | Pinckney's Treaty | Agreement between the United States and Spain that changed Floridas border and made it easier for american ships to use the port of New Orleans | 32 | |
| 496064860 | First Amendment | The constitutional amendment that establishes the four great liberties: freedom of the press, of speech, of religion, and of assembly. | 33 | |
| 496064861 | Second Amendment | Amendment allowing the Right to Bear Arms | 34 | |
| 496064862 | Third Amendment | The government may not house soldiers in private homes without consent of the owner | 35 | |
| 496064863 | Fourth Amendment | protects you from unreasonable search and seizure of your home and property | 36 | |
| 496064864 | Fifth Amendment | an amendment to the Constitution of the United States that imposes restrictions on the government's prosecution of persons accused of crimes | 37 | |
| 496064865 | Sixth Amendment | The right to a speedy trial (and attorney) | 38 | |
| 496064866 | Seventh Amendment | Right to trial by jury in civil cases | 39 | |
| 496064867 | Eighth Amendment | Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. | 40 | |
| 496064868 | Ninth Amendment | The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. | 41 | |
| 496064869 | Tenth Amendment | The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. | 42 | |
| 496064870 | Factions | Political groups that agree on objectives and policies; the origins of political parties. | 43 | |
| 496064871 | Whiskeys Rebellion | a 1794 protest against the governments tax on whiskey, which was valueable to the livelihood of backcountry farmers | 44 | |
| 496064872 | Battle of Fallen Timbers | The U.S. Army defeated the Native Americans under Shawnee Chief Blue Jacket and ended Native American hopes of keeping their land that lay north of the Ohio River | 45 | |
| 496064873 | Treaty of Greenville | This treaty between the Americans and the Native Americans. In exchange for some goods, the Indians gave the United States territory in Ohio. Anthony Wayne was the American representative. | 46 | |
| 496064874 | Capital Compromise | Alexander Hamilton proposed this plan to the Southern leaders to move the nation's capital to a district between Maryland and Virginia | 47 | |
| 496064875 | Mercy Otis Warren | New England woman who wrote many works. These included a history of the revolution, a play, and poems One of America's first writers. | 48 | |
| 496064876 | Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 | document which proclaimed official neutrality in the war between England and France | 49 | |
| 496064877 | Citizen Genet | French diplomat who in 1793 tried to draw the United States into the war between France and England | 50 | |
| 496064878 | Bank of United States (BUS) | Proposed by Alexander Hamilton as the basis of his economic plan. He proposed a powerful private institution, in which the government was the major stockholder. This would be a way to collect and amass the various taxes collected. It would also provide a strong and stable national currency. Jefferson vehemently opposed the bank; he thought it was un-constitutional. nevertheless, it was created. This issue brought about the issue of implied powers. It also helped start political parties, this being one of the major issues of the day. | 51 | |
| 496064879 | Funding at Par | it meant that the federal government would pay off its debts at face value with interest | 52 | |
| 496064880 | Report on Public Credit | This was the first of three major reports on economic policy issued by Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton on the request of Congress. The report analyzed the financial standing of the United States. Hamilton proposed a remarkable set of policies for handling the debt problem. All debts were to be paid at face value. The Federal government would assume all of the debts owed by the states, and it would be financed with new U.S. government bonds paying about 4% interest. | 53 | |
| 496064881 | Report Manufactures | A proposal written by Hamilton promoting protectionism in trade by adding tariffs to imported goods in order to protect American industry Though congress did not do anything with it, the report later influenced later industrial policies. | 54 | |
| 496064882 | Aaron Burr | United States politician who served as Vice President under Jefferson | 55 |
