Focus Favorites, Macro-cultural regions, Models
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| 9969475951 | United States |  | 0 | |
| 9969475952 | Canada |  | 1 | |
| 9969475953 | Mexico |  | 2 | |
| 9969475954 | Brazil |  | 3 | |
| 9969475955 | Argentina |  | 4 | |
| 9969475956 | United Kingdom |  | 5 | |
| 9969475957 | Germany |  | 6 | |
| 9969475958 | France |  | 7 | |
| 9969475959 | Russia |  | 8 | |
| 9969475960 | Poland |  | 9 | |
| 9969475961 | Ukraine |  | 10 | |
| 9969475962 | Italy |  | 11 | |
| 9969475963 | Greece |  | 12 | |
| 9969475964 | Egypt |  | 13 | |
| 9969475965 | Nigeria |  | 14 | |
| 9969475966 | Democratic Republic of Congo |  | 15 | |
| 9969475967 | Ethiopia |  | 16 | |
| 9969475968 | Somalia |  | 17 | |
| 9969475969 | South Africa |  | 18 | |
| 9969475970 | Saudi Arabia |  | 19 | |
| 9969475971 | Turkey |  | 20 | |
| 9969475972 | Israel |  | 21 | |
| 9969475973 | Iran |  | 22 | |
| 9969475974 | Kazakhstan |  | 23 | |
| 9969475975 | India |  | 24 | |
| 9969475976 | Pakistan |  | 25 | |
| 9969475977 | China |  | 26 | |
| 9969475978 | Japan |  | 27 | |
| 9969475979 | Indonesia |  | 28 | |
| 9969475980 | Australia |  | 29 | |
| 9969475981 | New Zealand |  | 30 | |
| 9969475982 | Spain |  | 31 | |
| 9969475918 | Anglo-America | -English -Christianity Anomalies: Quebec - French |  | 32 |
| 9969475919 | Latin America | -Spanish -Catholicism Anomalies: Brazil - Portuguese |  | 33 |
| 9969475920 | Western Europe | -Germanic & Romantic languages -Protestant & Catholic Anomalies: Ireland - Catholic & Greece - Orthodox |  | 34 |
| 9969475921 | Eastern Europe | -Slavic languages -Orthodox Anomalies: Poland - Catholic & Balkans - Catholic/Islam |  | 35 |
| 9969475922 | Middle East | -Arabic -Sunni Islam Anomalies: Iran - Farsi (Persian), Turkey - Turkish, & Israel - Judaism/Hebrew |  | 36 |
| 9969475923 | Sub-Saharan Africa | -Bantu languages -Islam, Christianity, & Animism Anomalies: South Africa - English & Afrikaans |  | 37 |
| 9969475924 | South Asia | -Indic -Hinduism & Islam Anomalies: Sri Lanka -Buddhism & Sri Lanka/South India - Tamil |  | 38 |
| 9969475925 | Japan | -Japanese -Shintoism & Buddhism | | 39 |
| 9969475926 | South East Asia | -South East Asia -Buddhism Anomalies: Indonesia - Islam, Philippines - Catholic, & Singapore - English/Chinese |  | 40 |
| 9969475927 | South Pacific | -English -Protestant Christianity Anomalies: Papua New Guinea - 800 native languages |  | 41 |
| 9969475928 | East Asia | -Sino-Tibetan -Buddhism & Atheism Anomalies: South Korea - Christianity & Mongolia - Altaic languages |  | 42 |
| 9969475929 | North America | Focus Country: United States Others of Interest: Canada | 43 | |
| 9969475930 | Central America | Focus Country: Mexico | 44 | |
| 9969475931 | South America | Focus Country: Brazil Others of Interest: Argentina | 45 | |
| 9969475932 | Northwest Europe | Focus Country: United Kingdom Others of Interest: Germany & France | 46 | |
| 9969475933 | East Europe | Focus Country: Russia Others of Interest: Poland & Ukraine | 47 | |
| 9969475934 | Southern Europe | Focus Country: Italy Others of Interest: Greece & Spain | 48 | |
| 9969475935 | North Africa | Focus Country: Egypt | 49 | |
| 9969475936 | West Africa | Focus Country: Nigeria | 50 | |
| 9969475937 | Central Africa | Focus Country: Democratic Republic of the Congo | 51 | |
| 9969475938 | East Africa | Focus Country: Ethiopia Others of Interest: Somalia | 52 | |
| 9969475939 | Southern Africa | Focus Country: South Africa | 53 | |
| 9969475940 | Middle East | Focus Country: Saudi Arabia Others of Interest: Turkey, Israel, & Iran | 54 | |
| 9969475941 | Central Asia | Focus Country: Khazakstan | 55 | |
| 9969475942 | South Asia | Focus Country: India Others of Interest: Pakistan | 56 | |
| 9969475943 | East Asia | Focus Country: China Others of Interest: Japan | 57 | |
| 9969475944 | Southeast Asia | Focus Country: Indonesia | 58 | |
| 9969475945 | Pacific | Focus Country: Australia Others of Interest: New Zealand | 59 | |
| 9969475946 | Brazil, Russia, India, China, & South Africa | What are the BRICS countries? | 60 | |
| 9969475947 | One Child Policy | Policy in China that became ingrained in society -example of anti-natalism | 61 | |
| 9969475948 | Archipelego | A collection of islands -Ex: Indonesia | 62 | |
| 9969504810 | Asian Tigers | The four Asian economies that boomed after WWII -Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, & South Korea | 63 | |
| 9969530936 | Diffusion Models | Attempt to describe and predict the process by which phenomena spread across space -Relocation or Expansion -In the real world: each type is at work simultaneously | 64 | |
| 9969537685 | Relocation Diffusion | The spread of an idea through the physical movement of people from one place to another -If enough people move, the idea can die out at the hearth EX--languages, initial phase of AIDS, crops, religions |  | 65 |
| 9969558562 | Expansion Diffusion | The spread of an idea throughout a population from area to area in a snowballing effect -Idea, not people, moves -Total number of adopters grow but idea stays strongest at hearth -Three subtypes: Contagious, Hierarchical, & Stimulus | 66 | |
| 9969575987 | Contagious Diffusion | The rapid, wavelike spread of a phenomenon throughout a population by person to person contact without regard to hierarchy -Key concept: proximity EX--disease, anything on the internet, adoption of Christianity by native Americans | 67 | |
| 9969592536 | Hierarchical DIffusion | The spread of a phenomenon from powerful persons or places such as elites or major cities -Key concept: Innovation leapfrogs over large areas EX--fashion, hip hop | 68 | |
| 9969608807 | Stimulus Diffusion | The original idea spread by stimulating versions of itself in local areas EX--Veggie burger fast food in India, reindeer herding by Inuit, skateboarding, gang culture to suburbs | 69 | |
| 9969631884 | Distance Decay Model | Attempts to describe and predict the effect of distance on spatial interaction -Tobler's First Law of Geography: "Everything is related to everything else but near things are more related than distant things." -Friction of distance is the force that causes distance decay -Central to Weber's Least Cost Theory a.(Diffusion) The farther away a place is from a hearth and the longer it takes an innovation to reach its potential adopters, the less likely the innovation will be adopted, and the fewer people will adopt the innovation b.(Migration) Most people migrate short distances within their own country c.(Culture) Agricultural innovations, language, religion, cultural traits, all tend to decrease in influence as one moves farther from their hearths d.(Urban Geography) The boundaries of each market areas is based on the gradual decline in the economic reach of that market area's central place |  | 70 |
| 9969719158 | Weber's Least Cost Theory | Transportation costs increase with distance and therefore dictate industrial location | 71 | |
| 9969774094 | The Demographic Transition Model | Attempts to show how the population of a country changes over tie as it transitions from an agrarian to an industrial and then to a post industrial society -Posits that all countries go through a series of four demographic stages from the high birth and death rates of pre-industrial subsistence societies to the low birth and death rates in post-industrial societies |  | 72 |
| 9969825803 | Stage 1 | High CDR and high CBR, low (almost zero) NIR (around .05%), stable (small) population size | 73 | |
| 9969834002 | Stage 2 | CDR delcines rapidly, CBR remains high, increasing NIR, rapid population growth | 74 | |
| 9969840218 | Stage 3 | CDR decline continues but slows, CBR declines, decreasing NIR, moderate/slowing population growth | 75 | |
| 9969847372 | Stage 4 | Low CDR and CBR, low NIR, stable (now large) population size | 76 | |
| 9969866845 | -increased food supply/production -diffusion of medical technology (especially against "child-killers" -increase in overall health/life expectancy -improved sanitation (sewage systems, personal hygiene) -Industrial Revolution | What are the causes of transition between Stage 1 and Stage 2? | 77 | |
| 9969894519 | -Gradual realization that large families not needed -Declining infant mortality (no need to replace these children) -Urbanization (children more of a cost than a benefit than in country/less space for large families) -Diffusion of contraception/family planning -Increased education of woem -Increased status of/opportunities for women -Delayed age of marriage/first child | What are the causes of transition between Stage 2 and Stage 3? | 78 | |
| 9969937624 | -Middle Eastern countries/African Countries/Cape Verde: moved received medical technologies and moved to stage 2 without receiving the whole suite of cultural, political, and economic changes that increase the status of women and lead to lower CBRs -China: used sterilization and economic policies to force CBRs down faster than suggested by the model (pro-/anti-natalist policies) -Asian Tigers: rapid economic, political, and social changes after WWII -Botswana, Swaziland, Lesotho, etc.: high levels of AIDS or other lethal diseases may see such high CDRs that they may revert to stage 1; water shortages in Bangladesh have same effect -Japan, Croatia, Bosnia, Italy, Spain, Sweden, & Russia: possible stage 5 | Anomalies from the demographic transition model | 79 | |
| 9970012516 | Epidemiological Transition Model | Identifies specific causes of death with each of the stages of the Demographic Transition Model -Stage 1: Stage of pestilence and famine -Stage 2: Stage of receding pandemics -Stage 3: Stage of degenerative diseases -Stage 4: Stage of delayed degenerative diseases Stage 5: Stage of reemergence of infectious diseases | 80 | |
| 9970044356 | The Gravity Model | Attempts to predict the amount of spatial interaction between two locations -More populated places attract people, goods, ideas, etc. more than less populated places, and places that are closer together have more spatial interaction than places that are distant from each other -The "pull" between two locations can be calculated by multiplying the population of Location A by the population of Location B and then dividing the product by the distance between the two locations squared |  | 81 |
| 9970092700 | -Transportation flows between two places -The flow of immigrants to a particular place -The range of influence of a business or settlement in the Central Place Model; the optimal location of a service is directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it | What can the Gravity Model be used to predict? | 82 | |
| 9970128582 | Ravenstein's Nine Laws of Migration | 1. Most people migrate for economic reasons 2. People also migrate for environmental and cultural reasons, but less often than for economic reasons 3. Most people migrate short distances within their own country 4. Long distance migrants usually move to urban areas or areas of major economic activity 5. People migrate in steps (step migration) 6. Every migration flow generates a return or countermigration flows in the opposite direction 7. Over long distances, men migrate more than women. Over shorter distances within a country, women migrate more than men 8. Most long distant migrants are young adults rather than families with children 9. Rural dwellers migrate more than city dweller | 83 | |
| 9970259419 | Lee's Migration Model | Attempts to explain migration as a very personal decision based on: a. push and pull factors at the migrant's place of origin b. push and pull factors at the migrant's destination c. intervening obstacles or opportunities lying between the place of origin and destination |  | 84 |
| 9970334754 | Zelinsky's Model of Migration Transition | Claims that the type of migration that occurs within a country depends on its level of development -Stage 1: Little or no permanent migration -Stage 2: Migration is rural to urban and international -Stages 3&4: Migration is internal intraregional; countries are commonly the destination from immigrants from stage 2 |  | 85 |
| 9970433577 | Core-Domain-Sphere Model | Attempts to define or describe culture zones based on the prevalence of cultural elements associated with a cultural phenomenor -Core: All cultural elements are present and the culture predominates -Domain: Some culture elements are present and obvious -Sphere: Few of the identified cultural elements are present |  | 86 |
