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| 22648465 | Hoyt's sector model | 1930's, growth is based on transportation lines that form around highways, railroads, and boulevards. It also has a strong and large CBD | 0 | |
| 22648466 | Edge city | A term introduced by American journalist Joel Garreau in order to describe the shifting focus of urbanization in the United States away from the Central Business District (CBD) toward new loci of economic activity at the urban fringe. These cities are characterized by extensive amounts of office and retail space, few residential areas, and modern buildings (less than 30 years old). | 1 | |
| 22648467 | Urban Realm | It is shown to be a widely dispersed, multicentered metropolis consisting of increasingly independent zones or realms, each focused on its own suburban downtown. | 2 | |
| 22648468 | Harris & Ulman's Multiple Nuclei Model | a model where growth occurs around several nodes, not just the CBD, construction occurs in large waves all at once | 3 | |
| 22648469 | Urban Realm Model | A spatial generalization of the large, late-twentieth-century city in the United States. It is shown to be a widely dispersed, multicentered metropolis consisting of increasingly independent zones or realms, each focused on its own suburban downtown; the only exception is the shrunken central realm, which is focused on the Central Business District (CBD). | 4 | |
| 22648470 | exurb | extra urban nodes that grew during the 1950's outside of the suburbs | 5 | |
| 22648471 | Counterurbanization | Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries | 6 | |
| 22648472 | Griffin-Ford Latin American City Model | Blends traditional Latin American style with the modern outlook, the CBD is central with high transportation rates and the elites live there. It has a spine that extends in one direction from the CBD and has all od the industry there | 7 | |
| 22648473 | Disamenity sector | The very poorest parts of cities that in extreme cases are not even connected to regular city services and are controlled by gangs or drug lords. | 8 | |
| 22648474 | Favelas | A favela is fundamentally different from a slum or tenement, primarily in terms of its origin and location. While slum quarters in other Latin American countries generally form when poorer residents from the countryside come to larger cities in search of work, and while this also occurs to some extent with favelas, the latter are unique in that they were chiefly created as large populations became displaced. Many favelas now have electricity, which 20 years ago was un-heard of.Favelas differ from ghettos such as those in the United States in that they are racially mixed, even though blacks make up the majority of the population - that is, in Brazil it is chiefly economic forces, rather than ethnic or cultural issues, that drive people there. | 9 | |
| 22648475 | Periferico | Spanish for periphery, an area around the CBD that holds middle class citizens | 10 | |
| 22648476 | McGhee Model | Developed to explain the trend how suburbs are connected economically to the CBD, but how they retain independence. There is a chance that the realm could become self-sufficient | 11 | |
| 22648477 | Urban Sprawl | Unrestricted growth in many American urban areas of housing, commercial development, and roads over large expanses of land with little concern for urban planning. | 12 | |
| 22648478 | Shantytown | Unplanned slum development on the margins of cities, dominated by crude dwellings and shelters made mostly of scrap wood, iron, and even pieces of cardboard. | 13 | |
| 22648479 | Zoning ordinances | A law that limits the permitted uses of land and maximum density of development in a community. | 14 | |
| 22648480 | Restrictive covenants | A real covenant is a legal obligation imposed in a deed by the seller upon the buyer of real estate to do or not to do something. Such restrictions frequently | 15 | |
| 22648481 | Ghettoization | The process of an area becoming more run down or shanty-like | 16 | |
| 22648482 | Uneven Development | The increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy. | 17 | |
| 22648483 | Cumulative causation | The hyperbolic growth of the world population observed till the 1970s has recently been correlated to a non-linear second order positive feedback between the demographic growth and technological development that can be spelled out as follows: technological growth - increase in the carrying capacity of land for people - demographic growth - more people - more potential inventors - acceleration of technological growth - accelerating growth of the carrying capacity - the faster population growth - accelerating growth of the number of potential inventors - faster technological growth - hence, the faster growth of the Earth's carrying capacity for people | 18 | |
| 22648484 | Blockbusting | Rapid change in the racial composition of residential blocks in American cities that occurs when real estate agents and others stir up fears of neighborhood decline after encouraging people of color to move to previously white neighborhoods. In the resulting outmigration, real estate agents profit through the turnover of properties. | 19 | |
| 22648485 | Radical Steering | Racial steering refers to the practice in which real estate brokers guide prospective home buyers towards or away from certain neighborhoods based on their race. | 20 | |
| 22648486 | Redlining | A process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries. | 21 | |
| 22648487 | Gentrifcation | A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low income renter-occupied area to a predominantly middleclass owner-occupied area. | 22 | |
| 22648488 | Suburbanization | Movement of upper and middle-class people from urban core areas to the surrounding outskirts to escape pollution as well as deteriorating social conditions (perceived and actual). In North America, the process began in the early nineteenth century and became a mass phenomenon by the second half of the twentieth century. | 23 | |
| 22648489 | Greenbelt | A ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area. | 24 | |
| 22648490 | Master Planned communities | A new town, planned community or planned city is a city, town, or community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed in a previously undeveloped area. | 25 | |
| 22648491 | Gated communities | Restricted neighborhoods or subdivisions, often literally fenced in, where entry is limited to residents and their guests. Although predominantly high-income based, in North America gated communities are increasingly a middle-class phenomenon. | 26 | |
| 22648492 | Economic Base | A community's collection of basic industries | 27 | |
| 22648493 | Basic Sector | Those products or services of an urban economy that are exported outside the city itself, earning income for the community. | 28 | |
| 22648494 | Non-basic Sector | a sector in which workers are responsible for the functioning of the city itself, only services that the community itself needs | 29 | |
| 22648495 | Ethnic culture region | a region that is primarily owned by a specific ethnic group | 30 |
