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AP Human Geography Agriculture Flashcards

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9493360839AgribusinessSystem of food production involving everything from the development of the seeds to the marketing and sale of food products at the market.0
9493360840Cash CropsPlanting large amounts of profitable crops for mass production and sell.1
9493360841Commercial AgricultureAgriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.2
9493360842GMOsFoods that\have their genes altered in a laboratory for specific purposes, such as disease resistant, increased productivity, or nutrients value3
9493360843Intensive Subsistence FarmingA form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.4
9493360844MonocultureDependence on a single agricultural commodity.5
9493360845MechanizationIn agriculture, the replacement of human labor with technology or machines.6
9493360847Plantation AgricultureRaising a large amount of a 'cash crop' for local sale or export.7
9493360848TranshumanceMovement of animal herd to cooler highland areas in the summer to warmer lowland areas in the winter.8
9493360849Von Thunen ModelTheory that a commercial farmer wull decide which crops to grow and which livestock to raise depending on the proximity to market.9
9493360850Green RevolutionAn outgrowth of the 3rd agricultural revolution, this effort began in the 1940s and developed new strains of hybrid seeds and fertilizers that dramatically increased the crop output possible from each farm.10
9493360854NomadismDry Areas Same climate as livestock ranching(commercial farms in MDCs) Marginalized land11
9493360855Mixed livestock and grainRaise domesticated animals and growing feed12
9493360856Commercial Grain FarmingWheat belt Bread-basket US Corn belt13
9493360857Mediterranean AgricultureAn agricultural system practiced in the Mediterranean-style climates of Western Europe, California, and portions of Chile and Australia, in which diverse specialty crops such as grapes, avocados,14
9493360858Agrarianrelating to land; relating to the management or farming of land15
9493360859Agricultural IndustrializationThe use of machinery in agriculture, like tractors etc. - makes it easier for farmers to have higher crop yields.16
9493360860Agricultural LandscapeThe land that we farm on and what we choose to put were on our fields.17
9493360863Dairy Farmsspecialized in dairy products, N. America, Europe, NOT Africa, South America, Asia18
9493360864DesertificationDegradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.19
9493360866Feedlota plot of land on which livestock are fattened for market20
9493360867Food DesertAn area in a developed country where healthy food is difficult to obtain21
9493360869Hunting and Gatheringthe killing of wild animals and fish as well as the gathering of fruits, roots, nuts, and other plants for sustenance22
9493360871Livestock Ranchingan extensive commercial agricultural activity that involves the raising of livestock over vast geographic spaces typically located in semi-arid climates like the American West23
9493360875PastoralismA type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food, clothing, and shelter.24
9493360876Organic AgricultureApproach to farming and ranching that avoids the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs.25
9493360877PesticidesChemicals used on plants that do not harm the plants, but kill pests and have negative repercussions on other species who ingest the chemicals.26
9493360878Plant Domesticationgenetic modification of a plant such that its reproductive success depends on human intervention27
9493360883Carl SauerDefined the concept of cultural landscape as the fundamental unit of geographical analysis.28
94933608842nd Agriculture RevolutionInnovations led to agricultural surpluses, food surpluses, let people move from farms to factories, growth of cities increased.29
9493360887SpecializationThe concentration of the productive efforts of individuals and firms on a limited number of activities30
9493360888Slash and Burn Agriculturea farming technique in which trees are cut down and burned to clear and fertilize the land31
9493360890Township and Range SystemA rectangular land division scheme designed by Thomas Jefferson to disperse settlers evenly across farmlands of the U.S. interior.32
9493360891Third Agriculture Revolution'green revolution' rapid diffusion of new ag techniques between 1970's and 1980's, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers33
9493360892Soil Erosionthe wearing away and removal of rock and soil particles from exposed surfaces by agents such as moving water, wind, or ice34

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