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AP Human Geography Agriculture Flashcards

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9551917766AgribusinessSystem of food production involving everything from the development of the seeds to the marketing and sale of food products at the market.0
9551917767Cash CropsPlanting large amounts of profitable crops for mass production and sell.1
9551917768Commercial AgricultureAgriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.2
9551917769GMOsFoods that\have their genes altered in a laboratory for specific purposes, such as disease resistant, increased productivity, or nutrients value3
9551917770Intensive Subsistence FarmingA form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.4
9551917771MonocultureDependence on a single agricultural commodity.5
9551917772MechanizationIn agriculture, the replacement of human labor with technology or machines.6
9551917773Primary EconomyAny economic activity pertaining to the collecting, harvesting, and obtaining of raw materials.7
9551917774Plantation AgricultureRaising a large amount of a 'cash crop' for local sale or export.8
9551917775TranshumanceMovement of animal herd to cooler highland areas in the summer to warmer lowland areas in the winter.9
9551917776Von Thunen ModelTheory that a commercial farmer wull decide which crops to grow and which livestock to raise depending on the proximity to market.10
9551917777Green RevolutionAn outgrowth of the 3rd agricultural revolution, this effort began in the 1940s and developed new strains of hybrid seeds and fertilizers that dramatically increased the crop output possible from each farm.11
9551917781NomadismDry Areas Same climate as livestock ranching(commercial farms in MDCs) Marginalized land12
9551917782Mixed livestock and grainRaise domesticated animals and growing feed13
9551917783Commercial Grain FarmingWheat belt Bread-basket US Corn belt14
9551917784Mediterranean AgricultureAn agricultural system practiced in the Mediterranean-style climates of Western Europe, California, and portions of Chile and Australia, in which diverse specialty crops such as grapes, avocados,15
9551917785Agrarianrelating to land; relating to the management or farming of land16
9551917786Agricultural IndustrializationThe use of machinery in agriculture, like tractors etc. - makes it easier for farmers to have higher crop yields.17
9551917787Agricultural LandscapeThe land that we farm on and what we choose to put were on our fields.18
9551917788Agricultural Location ModelAn attempt to explain the pattern of agricultural land use in terms of accessibility, costs, distance, and prices.19
9551917789Cultivation RegionsRegions were there is agricultural activity. Know these specifically! (ie. Southwestern US is cattle ranching, Mediterranean is crop trees).20
9551917790Dairy Farmsspecialized in dairy products, N. America, Europe, NOT Africa, South America, Asia21
9551917791DesertificationDegradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.22
9551917792Extensive Commercial AgricultureA crop or livestock system in which land quality or extent is more important than capital or labor inputs in determining output23
9551917793Feedlota plot of land on which livestock are fattened for market24
9551917794Food DesertAn area in a developed country where healthy food is difficult to obtain25
9551917795Food ManufacturingThe processes that are used to convert raw materials into finished food products26
9551917796Hunting and Gatheringthe killing of wild animals and fish as well as the gathering of fruits, roots, nuts, and other plants for sustenance27
9551917797Intensive Commercial AgricultureIntensive farming in a commercial economy, crops have high yields and market value28
9551917798Livestock Ranchingan extensive commercial agricultural activity that involves the raising of livestock over vast geographic spaces typically located in semi-arid climates like the American West29
9551917799Long-Lot Survey SystemA distinct regional approach to land surveying whereby land is divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals30
9551917800Luxury CropsNon-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco31
9551917802PastoralismA type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food, clothing, and shelter.32
9551917803Organic AgricultureApproach to farming and ranching that avoids the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs.33
9551917804PesticidesChemicals used on plants that do not harm the plants, but kill pests and have negative repercussions on other species who ingest the chemicals.34
9551917805Plant Domesticationgenetic modification of a plant such that its reproductive success depends on human intervention35
9551917810Carl SauerDefined the concept of cultural landscape as the fundamental unit of geographical analysis.36
95519178112nd Agriculture RevolutionInnovations led to agricultural surpluses, food surpluses, let people move from farms to factories, growth of cities increased.37
9551917813Seed Cropscrop that is reproduced by cultivating the seeds of the plants. crop that is reproduced by cultivating the seeds of the plants.38
9551917815Slash and Burn Agriculturea farming technique in which trees are cut down and burned to clear and fertilize the land39
9551917818Third Agriculture Revolution'green revolution' rapid diffusion of new ag techniques between 1970's and 1980's, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers40
9551917819Soil Erosionthe wearing away and removal of rock and soil particles from exposed surfaces by agents such as moving water, wind, or ice41

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