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AP Human Geography Agriculture Flashcards

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9854920997AgribusinessSystem of food production involving everything from the development of the seeds to the marketing and sale of food products at the market.0
9854920998Cash CropsPlanting large amounts of profitable crops for mass production and sell.1
9854920999Commercial AgricultureAgriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.2
9854921000Double CroppingPlanting and harvesting a crop on a field more than once a year.3
9854921001GMOsFoods that\have their genes altered in a laboratory for specific purposes, such as disease resistant, increased productivity, or nutrients value4
9854921002Intensive Subsistence FarmingA form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.5
9854921003MonocultureDependence on a single agricultural commodity.6
9854921004MechanizationIn agriculture, the replacement of human labor with technology or machines.7
9854921005Primary EconomyAny economic activity pertaining to the collecting, harvesting, and obtaining of raw materials.8
9854921006Plantation AgricultureRaising a large amount of a 'cash crop' for local sale or export.9
9854921007TranshumanceMovement of animal herd to cooler highland areas in the summer to warmer lowland areas in the winter.10
9854921008Von Thunen ModelTheory that a commercial farmer wull decide which crops to grow and which livestock to raise depending on the proximity to market.11
9854921009Green RevolutionAn outgrowth of the 3rd agricultural revolution, this effort began in the 1940s and developed new strains of hybrid seeds and fertilizers that dramatically increased the crop output possible from each farm.12
9854921010Examples of Primary Economic ActivitiesRaising livestock Mining Quarrying Crude oil extraction Lumbering Wheat growing Cotton13
9854921011Examples of Secondary Economic ActivitiesMilk, Cheese Diamonds Petroleum Furniture Bread, Beer Textiles14
9854921012Examples of Tertiary Economic ActivitiesCorporation Doctors Attorneys Tourism Scientist15
9854921013NomadismDry Areas Same climate as livestock ranching(commercial farms in MDCs) Marginalized land16
9854921014Mixed livestock and grainRaise domesticated animals and growing feed17
9854921015Commercial Grain FarmingWheat belt Bread-basket US Corn belt18
9854921016Mediterranean AgricultureAn agricultural system practiced in the Mediterranean-style climates of Western Europe, California, and portions of Chile and Australia, in which diverse specialty crops such as grapes, avocados,19
9854921017Double croppingHarvesting twice in one year Employ crop rotation20
9854921018Truck FarmsFarm where farmers produce fruits for the market Use mechanization to produce large quantities of fruits and veggies21
9854921019Agrarianrelating to land; relating to the management or farming of land22
9854921020Agricultural IndustrializationThe use of machinery in agriculture, like tractors etc. - makes it easier for farmers to have higher crop yields.23
9854921021Agricultural LandscapeThe land that we farm on and what we choose to put were on our fields.24
9854921022Agricultural Location ModelAn attempt to explain the pattern of agricultural land use in terms of accessibility, costs, distance, and prices.25
9854921023BiotechnologyA form of technology that uses living organisms, usually genes, to modify products, to make or modify plants and animals, or to develop other microorganisms for specific purposes.26
9854921024Cultivation RegionsRegions were there is agricultural activity. Know these specifically! (ie. Southwestern US is cattle ranching, Mediterranean is crop trees).27
9854921025Dairy Farmsspecialized in dairy products, N. America, Europe, NOT Africa, South America, Asia28
9854921026DesertificationDegradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.29
9854921027Extensive Commercial AgricultureA crop or livestock system in which land quality or extent is more important than capital or labor inputs in determining output30
9854921028Feedlota plot of land on which livestock are fattened for market31
9854921029Food DesertAn area in a developed country where healthy food is difficult to obtain32
9854921030Food ManufacturingThe processes that are used to convert raw materials into finished food products33
9854921031Growing SeasonThe season in which crops grow best. Growing season can vary by location, societies rely on their growing season to which crops they can or can't grow at their latitude.34
9854921032Hunting and Gatheringthe killing of wild animals and fish as well as the gathering of fruits, roots, nuts, and other plants for sustenance35
9854921033Intensive Commercial AgricultureIntensive farming in a commercial economy, crops have high yields and market value36
9854921034Livestock Ranchingan extensive commercial agricultural activity that involves the raising of livestock over vast geographic spaces typically located in semi-arid climates like the American West37
9854921035Long-Lot Survey SystemA distinct regional approach to land surveying whereby land is divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals38
9854921036Luxury CropsNon-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco39
9854921037Metes and Bounds Systema system of land surveying east of the Appalachian Mountains. The system relies on descriptions of land ownership and natural features such as streams or trees.40
9854921038PastoralismA type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food, clothing, and shelter.41
9854921039Organic AgricultureApproach to farming and ranching that avoids the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs.42
9854921040PesticidesChemicals used on plants that do not harm the plants, but kill pests and have negative repercussions on other species who ingest the chemicals.43
9854921041Planned Economya system of production of goods and services, usually consumed or distributed by a governmental agency, in quantities, at prices, and in locations determined by governmental program44
9854921042Plant Domesticationgenetic modification of a plant such that its reproductive success depends on human intervention45
9854921043Primogenitureright of inheritance belongs exclusively to the eldest son right of inheritance belongs exclusively to the eldest son46
9854921044Quaternary Economic Activitiesservice sector industries concerned with the collection, processing, and manipulation of information and capital. Examples include finance, administration, insurance, and legal services.47
9854921045Quinary Economic Activitiesservice sector industries that require a high level of specialized knowledge or technical skill. Examples include scientific research and high-level management.48
9854921046Rectangular Survey SystemA system used to divide public domain lands in the United States in which land is divided into 6-mile square townships and subdivided into sections, portions of sections, or irregular lots.49
9854921047Root Cropscrop that is reproduced by cultivating the roots of or the cuttings from the plants50
9854921048Carl SauerDefined the concept of cultural landscape as the fundamental unit of geographical analysis.51
98549210492nd Agriculture RevolutionInnovations led to agricultural surpluses, food surpluses, let people move from farms to factories, growth of cities increased.52
9854921050Secondary Economic Activityeconomic activity involving the processing of raw materials and their transformation into finished industrial products; the manufacturing sector53
9854921051Seed Cropscrop that is reproduced by cultivating the seeds of the plants. crop that is reproduced by cultivating the seeds of the plants.54
9854921052SpecializationThe concentration of the productive efforts of individuals and firms on a limited number of activities55
9854921053Slash and Burn Agriculturea farming technique in which trees are cut down and burned to clear and fertilize the land56
9854921054Tertiary Economic Activityeconomic activity associated with the provision of services--such transportation, banking, retailing, education, and routine office-based jobs.57
9854921055Township and Range SystemA rectangular land division scheme designed by Thomas Jefferson to disperse settlers evenly across farmlands of the U.S. interior.58
9854921056Third Agriculture Revolution'green revolution' rapid diffusion of new ag techniques between 1970's and 1980's, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers59
9854921057Soil Erosionthe wearing away and removal of rock and soil particles from exposed surfaces by agents such as moving water, wind, or ice60

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