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AP Human Geography Agriculture Flashcards

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6573569196AgribusinessSystem of food production involving everything from the development of the seeds to the marketing and sale of food products at the market.0
6573569197Cash CropsPlanting large amounts of profitable crops for mass production and sell.1
6573569198Commercial AgricultureAgriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.2
6573569199Double CroppingPlanting and harvesting a crop on a field more than once a year.3
6573569200GMOsFoods that\have their genes altered in a laboratory for specific purposes, such as disease resistant, increased productivity, or nutrients value4
6573569201Intensive Subsistence FarmingA form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.5
6573569202MonocultureDependence on a single agricultural commodity.6
6573569203MechanizationIn agriculture, the replacement of human labor with technology or machines.7
6573569204Primary EconomyAny economic activity pertaining to the collecting, harvesting, and obtaining of raw materials.8
6573569205Plantation AgricultureRaising a large amount of a 'cash crop' for local sale or export.9
6573569206TranshumanceMovement of animal herd to cooler highland areas in the summer to warmer lowland areas in the winter.10
6573569207Von Thunen ModelTheory that a commercial farmer wull decide which crops to grow and which livestock to raise depending on the proximity to market.11
6573569208Green RevolutionAn outgrowth of the 3rd agricultural revolution, this effort began in the 1940s and developed new strains of hybrid seeds and fertilizers that dramatically increased the crop output possible from each farm.12
6573569209Examples of Primary Economic ActivitiesRaising livestock Mining Quarrying Crude oil extraction Lumbering Wheat growing Cotton13
6573569210Examples of Secondary Economic ActivitiesMilk, Cheese Diamonds Petroleum Furniture Bread, Beer Textiles14
6573569211Examples of Tertiary Economic ActivitiesCorporation Doctors Attorneys Tourism Scientist15
6573569212NomadismDry Areas Same climate as livestock ranching(commercial farms in MDCs) Marginalized land16
6573569213Mixed livestock and grainRaise domesticated animals and growing feed17
6573569214Commercial Grain FarmingWheat belt Bread-basket US Corn belt18
6573569215Mediterranean AgricultureAn agricultural system practiced in the Mediterranean-style climates of Western Europe, California, and portions of Chile and Australia, in which diverse specialty crops such as grapes, avocados,19
6573569216Double croppingHarvesting twice in one year Employ crop rotation20
6573569217Truck FarmsFarm where farmers produce fruits for the market Use mechanization to produce large quantities of fruits and veggies21
6573569218Agrarianrelating to land; relating to the management or farming of land22
6573569219Agricultural IndustrializationThe use of machinery in agriculture, like tractors etc. - makes it easier for farmers to have higher crop yields.23
6573569220Agricultural LandscapeThe land that we farm on and what we choose to put were on our fields.24
6573569221Agricultural Location ModelAn attempt to explain the pattern of agricultural land use in terms of accessibility, costs, distance, and prices.25
6573569222BiotechnologyA form of technology that uses living organisms, usually genes, to modify products, to make or modify plants and animals, or to develop other microorganisms for specific purposes.26
6573569223Cultivation RegionsRegions were there is agricultural activity. Know these specifically! (ie. Southwestern US is cattle ranching, Mediterranean is crop trees).27
6573569224Dairy Farmsspecialized in dairy products, N. America, Europe, NOT Africa, South America, Asia28
6573569225DesertificationDegradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.29
6573569226Extensive Commercial AgricultureA crop or livestock system in which land quality or extent is more important than capital or labor inputs in determining output30
6573569227Feedlota plot of land on which livestock are fattened for market31
6573569228Food DesertAn area in a developed country where healthy food is difficult to obtain32
6573569229Food ManufacturingThe processes that are used to convert raw materials into finished food products33
6573569230Growing SeasonThe season in which crops grow best. Growing season can vary by location, societies rely on their growing season to which crops they can or can't grow at their latitude.34
6573569231Hunting and Gatheringthe killing of wild animals and fish as well as the gathering of fruits, roots, nuts, and other plants for sustenance35
6573569232Intensive Commercial AgricultureIntensive farming in a commercial economy, crops have high yields and market value36
6573569233Livestock Ranchingan extensive commercial agricultural activity that involves the raising of livestock over vast geographic spaces typically located in semi-arid climates like the American West37
6573569234Long-Lot Survey SystemA distinct regional approach to land surveying whereby land is divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals38
6573569235Luxury CropsNon-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco39
6573569236Metes and Bounds Systema system of land surveying east of the Appalachian Mountains. The system relies on descriptions of land ownership and natural features such as streams or trees.40
6573569237PastoralismA type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food, clothing, and shelter.41
6573569238Organic AgricultureApproach to farming and ranching that avoids the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs.42
6573569239PesticidesChemicals used on plants that do not harm the plants, but kill pests and have negative repercussions on other species who ingest the chemicals.43
6573569240Planned Economya system of production of goods and services, usually consumed or distributed by a governmental agency, in quantities, at prices, and in locations determined by governmental program44
6573569241Plant Domesticationgenetic modification of a plant such that its reproductive success depends on human intervention45
6573569242Primogenitureright of inheritance belongs exclusively to the eldest son right of inheritance belongs exclusively to the eldest son46
6573569243Quaternary Economic Activitiesservice sector industries concerned with the collection, processing, and manipulation of information and capital. Examples include finance, administration, insurance, and legal services.47
6573569244Quinary Economic Activitiesservice sector industries that require a high level of specialized knowledge or technical skill. Examples include scientific research and high-level management.48
6573569245Rectangular Survey SystemA system used to divide public domain lands in the United States in which land is divided into 6-mile square townships and subdivided into sections, portions of sections, or irregular lots.49
6573569246Root Cropscrop that is reproduced by cultivating the roots of or the cuttings from the plants50
6573569247Carl SauerDefined the concept of cultural landscape as the fundamental unit of geographical analysis.51
65735692482nd Agriculture RevolutionInnovations led to agricultural surpluses, food surpluses, let people move from farms to factories, growth of cities increased.52
6573569249Secondary Economic Activityeconomic activity involving the processing of raw materials and their transformation into finished industrial products; the manufacturing sector53
6573569250Seed Cropscrop that is reproduced by cultivating the seeds of the plants. crop that is reproduced by cultivating the seeds of the plants.54
6573569251SpecializationThe concentration of the productive efforts of individuals and firms on a limited number of activities55
6573569252Slash and Burn Agriculturea farming technique in which trees are cut down and burned to clear and fertilize the land56
6573569253Tertiary Economic Activityeconomic activity associated with the provision of services--such transportation, banking, retailing, education, and routine office-based jobs.57
6573569254Township and Range SystemA rectangular land division scheme designed by Thomas Jefferson to disperse settlers evenly across farmlands of the U.S. interior.58
6573569255Third Agriculture Revolution'green revolution' rapid diffusion of new ag techniques between 1970's and 1980's, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers59
6573569256Soil Erosionthe wearing away and removal of rock and soil particles from exposed surfaces by agents such as moving water, wind, or ice60

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