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AP Human Geography Agriculture Flashcards

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6372172752AgribusinessSystem of food production involving everything from the development of the seeds to the marketing and sale of food products at the market.0
6372172753Cash CropsPlanting large amounts of profitable crops for mass production and sell.1
6372172754Commercial AgricultureAgriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.2
6372172756GMOsFoods that\have their genes altered in a laboratory for specific purposes, such as disease resistant, increased productivity, or nutrients value3
6372172757Intensive Subsistence FarmingA form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.4
6372172759MechanizationIn agriculture, the replacement of human labor with technology or machines.5
6372172760Market GardeningThe small scale production of fruits, vegetables, and flowers as cash crops sold directly to local consumers.6
6372172761Primary EconomyAny economic activity pertaining to the collecting, harvesting, and obtaining of raw materials.7
6372172762Plantation AgricultureRaising a large amount of a 'cash crop' for local sale or export.8
6372172766Von Thunen ModelTheory that a commercial farmer wull decide which crops to grow and which livestock to raise depending on the proximity to market.9
6372172767Green RevolutionAn outgrowth of the 3rd agricultural revolution, this effort began in the 1940s and developed new strains of hybrid seeds and fertilizers that dramatically increased the crop output possible from each farm.10
6372172768Examples of Primary Economic ActivitiesRaising livestock Mining Quarrying Crude oil extraction Lumbering Wheat growing Cotton11
6372172769Examples of Secondary Economic ActivitiesMilk, Cheese Diamonds Petroleum Furniture Bread, Beer Textiles12
6372172770Examples of Tertiary Economic ActivitiesCorporation Doctors Attorneys Tourism13
6372172771NomadismDry Areas Same climate as livestock ranching(commercial farms in MDCs) Marginalized land14
6372172772Mixed livestock and grainRaise domesticated animals and growing feed, most common in US/Europe15
6372172773Commercial Grain FarmingWheat belt Bread-basket US Corn belt16
6372172774Mediterranean AgricultureAn agricultural system practiced in the Mediterranean-style climates of Western Europe, California, and portions of Chile and Australia, in which diverse specialty crops such as grapes, avocados,17
6372172777Truck FarmsFarm where farmers produce fruits for the market Use mechanization to produce large quantities of fruits and veggies18
6372172782Agricultural LandscapeThe land that we farm on and what we choose to put were on our fields.19
6372172790Dairy Farmsspecialized in dairy products, N. America, Europe, NOT Africa, South America, Asia20
6372172792DesertificationDegradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.21
6372172793Dispersed (Rural Settlement Type)characteristics of the contemporary North American rural landscape, by farmers living on individual farms isolated from neighbors rather than alongside other farmers.22
6372172794Extensive Commercial AgricultureA crop or livestock system in which land quality or extent is more important than capital or labor inputs in determining output23
6372172799Food DesertAn area in a developed country where healthy food is difficult to obtain24
6372172801Globalized Agriculturesystem of food production increasingly dependent upon an economy and set of regulatory practices that are global in scope and organization25
6372172803Hunting and Gatheringthe killing of wild animals and fish as well as the gathering of fruits, roots, nuts, and other plants for sustenance26
6372172805Livestock Ranchingan extensive commercial agricultural activity that involves the raising of livestock over vast geographic spaces typically located in semi-arid climates like the American West27
6372172806Long-Lot Survey SystemA distinct regional approach to land surveying whereby land is divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals28
6372172807Luxury CropsNon-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco29
6372172808Metes and Bounds Systema system of land surveying east of the Appalachian Mountains. The system relies on descriptions of land ownership and natural features such as streams or trees.30
6372172809PastoralismA type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food, clothing, and shelter.31
6372172810Nucleated( Rural Settlement System)clustered settlement is one of the main types of settlement pattern. It is one of the terms used by geographers and landscape historians to classify settlements32
6372172811Organic AgricultureApproach to farming and ranching that avoids the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs.33
6372172812PesticidesChemicals used on plants that do not harm the plants, but kill pests and have negative repercussions on other species who ingest the chemicals.34
6372172814Plant Domesticationgenetic modification of a plant such that its reproductive success depends on human intervention35
6372172816Quaternary Economic Activitiesservice sector industries concerned with the collection, processing, and manipulation of information and capital. Examples include finance, administration, insurance, and legal services.36
6372172817Quinary Economic Activitiesservice sector industries that require a high level of specialized knowledge or technical skill. Examples include scientific research and high-level management.37
6372172818Rectangular Survey SystemA system used to divide public domain lands in the United States in which land is divided into 6-mile square townships and subdivided into sections, portions of sections, or irregular lots.38
6372172820Carl SauerDefined the concept of cultural landscape as the fundamental unit of geographical analysis, focused on Agricultural Hearths.39
63721728212nd Agriculture RevolutionInnovations led to agricultural surpluses, food surpluses, let people move from farms to factories, growth of cities increased.40
6372172822Secondary Economic Activityeconomic activity involving the processing of raw materials and their transformation into finished industrial products; the manufacturing sector41
6372172823Seed Cropscrop that is reproduced by cultivating the seeds of the plants. crop that is reproduced by cultivating the seeds of the plants.42
6372172825Slash and Burn Agriculturea farming technique in which trees are cut down and burned to clear and fertilize the land43
6372172827Tertiary Economic Activityeconomic activity associated with the provision of services--such transportation, banking, retailing, education, and routine office-based jobs.44
6372172828Township and Range SystemA rectangular land division scheme designed by Thomas Jefferson to disperse settlers evenly across farmlands of the U.S. interior.45
6372172829Third Agriculture Revolution'green revolution' rapid diffusion of new ag techniques between 1970's and 1980's, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers46
6372172830Village Form (Rural Settlement Type)a number of families live in close proximity to each other, with fields surrounding the collection of houses and farm buildings47

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