Terms : Hide Images
| 5750300805 | Human Geography | The study of where and why human activities are located where they are | 0 | |
| 5750300806 | Physical Geography | Studies of where and why landforms and natural forces occur as they do | 1 | |
| 5750301578 | Geography | The study of spatial variation of how and why things differ from place to place on the surface of the earth | 2 | |
| 5751375802 | Geographers are good at.....? | Recognizing patterns across space | 3 | |
| 5751382064 | Models | help explain and predict spatial patterns | 4 | |
| 5751388661 | Cartography | Science of Map Making | 5 | |
| 5751400680 | Regional Scale | Interactions occurring within a region, in a regional setting | 6 | |
| 5751410397 | Geographic Informational System (GIS) | Allows for the storage of spatial data and allows for geographers to pick and choose what data to map onto a space | 7 | |
| 5751423113 | Globe | Only truthful representation of the earth's surface | 8 | |
| 5751426957 | The Mercator Map Projection | Corrects for true shapes of continents | 9 | |
| 5751450620 | Latitude Lines | Grid lines that run parallel to the equator | 10 | |
| 5775943391 | Longitude | angular distance east or west of the prime meridian | 11 | |
| 5751455061 | The Prime Meridian | Lies at 0 degrees longitude | 12 | |
| 5751458805 | Aggregation Problem | Too much quantitative data on a map to the point it becomes un-readable | 13 | |
| 5753495260 | Scale | The relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole | 14 | |
| 5753517675 | Remote Sensing | monitors the Earth's surface from a distance using modern technology (satellites and space crafts) | 15 | |
| 5775935873 | Sense of Place | Feelings associated with experience and memories associated with a particular place | 16 | |
| 5753539695 | Globalization | The expansion of political, economic, and cultural activities to the point that they reach and have an impact on many areas of the world | 17 | |
| 5753542737 | Reference Maps | A map type that shows reference information for a particular place, making it useful for finding landmarks and for navigating | 18 | |
| 5753543633 | Thematic Maps | A type of map that displays one or more variables-such as population, or income level-within a specific area | 19 | |
| 5753554105 | Cartograms | A type of map that shows statistics by distorting space | 20 | |
| 5753576010 | Cartogram Map |  | 21 | |
| 5753591192 | Isoline Thematic Map |  | 22 | |
| 5753593577 | Choropleth Thematic Map |  | 23 | |
| 5753598298 | Proportional Thematic Map |  | 24 | |
| 5753599770 | Dot Density Map |  | 25 | |
| 5753601666 | Mental Cognitive Map | Map drawn from memory | 26 | |
| 5753605244 | Essential Map Elements | Title, Legend, Date, Scale, Orientation, Cartographer, Landmarks (physical and human) | 27 | |
| 5753614924 | Map Simplification | process of eliminating unnecessary details and focusing on the information that needs to be displayed in the map | 28 | |
| 5753617610 | Map Distortion | Necessary error resulting from trying to represent the round, nearly spherical earth on a flat plane, or map | 29 | |
| 5753626622 | Shape | geometric shape of the objects on a map | 30 | |
| 5753626623 | Size (area) | relative amount of space taken up on the map by the landforms or objects on a map | 31 | |
| 5753627837 | Distance | represented distance between objects on a map | 32 | |
| 5753627838 | Direction | degree of accuracy representing the cardinal and intermediate directions | 33 | |
| 5753652047 | Equal Area Projection | Maintains True Size (area) (Gall-Peters Projection) |  | 34 |
| 5753658784 | Conformal Projection | Maintains True Shape (Mercator Projection) |  | 35 |
| 5753663687 | Equidistant Projection | Maintains True Distance (Equi-rectangular Projection) |  | 36 |
| 5753676479 | Azimuthal Projection | Maintains True Direction (Polar Centered Azimuthal Projection) |  | 37 |
| 5753681143 | Great Circles | Used to show the shortest distance between two points on maps of the earth | 38 | |
| 5753682395 | Compromise Projection |  | 39 | |
| 5754922696 | 5 Themes of Geography | Location, Region, Place, Movement, Human-Environment Interaction | 40 | |
| 5754925018 | Location | Where something is in Space | 41 | |
| 5754925688 | Relative Location | Location described in relation to other locations/places | 42 | |
| 5754927321 | Absolute Location | Exact location on the global grid; latitude and longitude | 43 | |
| 5754931036 | Site | Internal physical and cultural characteristics of a place, such as its terrain and dominant religions, among others | 44 | |
| 5754931381 | Situation | location of a place on Earth relative to other places | 45 | |
| 5755035971 | Region | Unit of space that shares similar characteristics | 46 | |
| 5755039312 | Regionalization | process by which specific regions acquire characteristics that differentiate them from others within the same country | 47 | |
| 5760242466 | Formal Region | Area with definitive boundries | 48 | |
| 5755040507 | Functional Region | Area organized around a focal point/place where there is a central focus that diminishes importance outward | 49 | |
| 5755041305 | Perceptual Region | Area based around assumption, majority, or cultural identity | 50 | |
| 5755048920 | Place | What is in a space | 51 | |
| 5755049323 | Toponym | the name by which a geographical place is known | 52 | |
| 5755049747 | Physical Characteristics | Landforms and Terrain, Water Systems, Climate, Biome, Natural Resources | 53 | |
| 5755049748 | Human Characteristics | Population, Religion, Language, Art, Religion, Politics, Agriculture, Industry, Cities | 54 | |
| 5755070798 | Movement | How something moves in space | 55 | |
| 5755071546 | Distance Decay | decrease in interaction between places or people due to increase in distance | 56 | |
| 5755073382 | Friction of Distance | A measure of how much absolute distance affects the interaction between 2 places | 57 | |
| 5755074914 | Space-Time Compression | The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation systems | 58 | |
| 5755075958 | Human-Environment Interaction | human activities affect the environment or the environment affects human activity | 59 | |
| 5755078956 | Enviornmental Determinism | physical environment effects human activities and social development | 60 | |
| 5755084239 | Possibilism | the physical environment limits human activities, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment | 61 | |
| 5755097585 | Demography | The study of human populations | 62 | |
| 5755099056 | Spatial Distribution | Physical location of geographic phenomena across space | 63 | |
| 5755099057 | Migration | Leaving the home base permanently for new home elsewhere | 64 | |
| 5760293419 | Population Distribution | Where people live across Earth's surface | 65 | |
| 5760301246 | Ecumene | Portion of the Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement | 66 | |
| 5764114580 | East Asia | #1 in Largest Populations (China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan) China (rank 1) = 1.36 billion people | 67 | |
| 5764124020 | South Asia | #2 in Largest Populations (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka) India (rank 2) = 1.25 billion people | 68 | |
| 5764133042 | Southeast Asia | #3 in Largest Populations (Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam) | 69 | |
| 5764143096 | Western Europe | #4 in Largest Populations (Germany, France, UK, Italy) | 70 | |
| 5764156593 | Population Density | The number of people in a given land area | 71 | |
| 5764162767 | Arithmetic Density | Population over Total Land Area | 72 | |
| 5764165376 | Physiological Density | Population over Arable Land | 73 | |
| 5764169293 | Agricultural Density | Farmers over the amount of arable land | 74 | |
| 5764170759 | Carry Capacity | The number of people an area can support | 75 | |
| 5764173051 | Population Pressure | Strained government, Strained infrastructure, Strained enviornment | 76 | |
| 5764182874 | Population Composition | Shows the ethnicity, gender, and age of a population | 77 | |
| 5764190102 | Population Pyramid | Shows the age and gender of a population | 78 | |
| 5764201355 | Dependency Ratio | The number of economic dependents, young or old, vs. non-dependents (15-64) | 79 | |
| 5764224427 | Linear Growth | growth that occurs evenly across each unit of time |  | 80 |
| 5764224428 | Exponential Growth | growth that occurs when a fixed percentage of people is added to a population each year |  | 81 |
| 5764231359 | Positive Historical Trends in Population Change | Agricultural Revolution (10,000 BCE) and Industrial Revolution (1700 CE) | 82 | |
| 5764234370 | Negative Historical Trends in Population Change | Epidemic Disease (Black Plague in 1300s) and Famine (Irish Potato Famine in 1840s) | 83 | |
| 5764245003 | Population Equation | Shows the change of population over time | 84 | |
| 5764316884 | Birth Rate | number of births per 1000 people over one year | 85 | |
| 5764323522 | Death Rate | number of deaths per 1000 people over one year | 86 | |
| 5764326276 | Immigrants | people moving into a region | 87 | |
| 5764328058 | Emmigrants | people moving out of a region | 88 | |
| 5764332914 | Crude Birth Rate | Number of live births in a year per 1000 people | 89 | |
| 5764336128 | Life Expectancy | Average number of years a child can expect to live | 90 | |
| 5764344519 | Crude Death Rate | Number of deaths in a year per 1000 people | 91 | |
| 5764344520 | Infant Mortality Rate | Number of infant deaths in a year per 1000 live births | 92 | |
| 5764347726 | Child Mortality Rate | Number of kids that die before age 5 in a year per 1000 live births | 93 | |
| 5764352860 | Rate of Natural Increase (RNI) | Annual growth of native inhabitants in an area | 94 | |
| 5764372672 | Total Fertility Rate (TFR) | Average number of children a women will have | 95 | |
| 5764375123 | Reasons for a High TFR | Poverty, Lack of Women's rights, Lack of Family Planning | 96 | |
| 5764382339 | Reasons for a Low TFR | Economic Well-being, Education, Later Marriages, Family Planning | 97 | |
| 5764390655 | Replacement Level Fertility | The TFR a region must have in order to maintain its population size | 98 | |
| 5764393281 | Population Growth | when a region's TFR is above replacement level | 99 | |
| 5764407199 | Demographic Transition Model (DTM) | transition from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates as a country or region develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system | 100 | |
| 5764409999 | Stage 1 of the DTM | High Stationary : CBR = High, CDR = High, RNI = Low REASON: Plague and Famine | 101 | |
| 5764418215 | Stage 2 of the DTM | Early Expanding: CBR = High, CDR = Declining, RNI = Increasing REASON: Industrial Revolution | 102 | |
| 5764428428 | Stage 3 of the DTM | Late Expanding: CBR = Declining, CDR = Low, RNI = Decreasing REASON: Urbanization | 103 | |
| 5764435982 | Stage 4 of the DTM | Low Stationary: CBR = Low, CDR = Low, RNI = Low REASON: Modern (developed) Society | 104 | |
| 5764442657 | Stage 5 of the DTM | Unknown: CBR = Decreasing, CDR = Low, RNI = Negative REASON: Graying Problem | 105 | |
| 5764448982 | Graying Problem | Population with more middle-aged and elderly people than younger people | 106 | |
| 5764455273 | Criticisms of the DTM | Eurocentric Thinking, All countries may not industrialize, and Population bases of industrializing countries are huge (China, India) | 107 | |
| 5765978292 | Controlling Death Rates | YOUNGER POPULATIONS: Violence, Malnutrition, and Infectious Disease OLDER POPULATIONS: Chronic Disease | 108 | |
| 5766038542 | Epidemics | The rapid spread of an infectious disease to a large number of people | 109 | |
| 5766042809 | Thomas Malthus | Said Population grows exponentially, Food production grows linearly, Population will surpass a nation's carrying capacity and Result = Famine & War | 110 | |
| 5766050862 | Neo-Malthusians | worry about Fossil fuel depletion and Factory Farming (unsustainable) | 111 | |
| 5766055618 | Controlling Birth Rates | PRO-NATALISM: Expansive Policies (increase RNI) and a Solution to the graying problem ANTI-NATALISM: Restrictive Policies (decrease RNI) and Solution to overpopulation | 112 | |
| 5766080350 | Pro-Natalism | Solution to preventing the Graying Problem: Anti-abortion laws, Tax subsidies, and the National Day of Conception (Russia) | 113 | |
| 5766086709 | Anti-Natalism | Solution to Overpopulation: Sex Education & Contraception, One Child Policy (China), and Sterilization | 114 | |
| 5766096678 | Unintended Causes of One Child Policy | Increased abortions, Female infanticide, and Gender imbalance | 115 | |
| 5766100313 | Sustainability | The creation of an environment that can be maintained indefinitely | 116 | |
| 5766111542 | Cyclic Movement | Leaving the home base for regular, short periods of time | 117 | |
| 5766124050 | Seasonal Movement | Leaving the home base in response to changing seasons | 118 | |
| 5766126513 | Periodic Movement | Leaving the home base for extended periods of time | 119 | |
| 5766137347 | Voluntary Migration | Migrating at will | 120 | |
| 5766137348 | Involuntary Migration | Being forced to migrate against will (refugees) | 121 | |
| 5766144441 | Intra-regional Migration | Migrating within your certain region | 122 | |
| 5767059592 | Model of Migration Transition (Wilbur Zelinsky) | Stage 1: Little Migration Stages 2-3: Rural is greater than Urban Migration Stage 4: Inter-Urban Migration and Urban is greater than Rural Migration | 123 | |
| 5766149570 | Laws of Migration (Ernst Ravenstein) | 1. The majority of migrants travel short distances 2. Migrants who travel long distances are more likely to move to large cities 3. Rural residents are more likely to migrate than urban residents 4. Young adults are more likely to migrate than families 5. Every migration stream creates a counter-stream | 124 | |
| 5766159754 | Step Migration | Migrating through means of many steps or processes | 125 | |
| 5766169999 | Intervening Opprotunities and Obstacles | Stops the migration streams during step migration the way to the final destination (marriage, jobs, economy etc.) | 126 | |
| 5766180840 | Counter-urbanization | Urban's move rural | 127 | |
| 5766195991 | Chain Migration | When migrants move to an area where similar migrants have already settled | 128 | |
| 5766198916 | Kinship Links | piggyback off of Chain Migration that's responsible for creating ethnic enclaves | 129 | |
| 5766210271 | Gravity Model of Migration | Migration is directly related to the population size of the destination and inversely related to the distance between the home base and destination | 130 | |
| 5766228913 | Reasons for Migration | Economic Conditions, Political Circumstances, Inequality, Armed Conflict, Environmental Conditions, Cultural Tolerance | 131 | |
| 5766240992 | Push Factors | What repels you away from a place | 132 | |
| 5766240993 | Pull Factors | What attracts you to a place | 133 | |
| 5767072222 | Diaspora | Large number of people (migrants) forcefully displaced outside of their region | 134 | |
| 5766270094 | Open Door Policy (Pro-Immigration) | Anyone who wants to come into the country can | 135 | |
| 5766272786 | Immigrant Amnesty (Pro-Immigration) | Granted the right to stay but aren't necessarily in the country legally | 136 | |
| 5766276335 | Asylum (Pro-Immigration) | Someone who is forced out of their country and has refugee status | 137 | |
| 5766282556 | Repatriation (Pro-Immigration) | Process of which a refugee is helped to move back into their home country | 138 | |
| 5766291721 | Closed Door Policy (Anti-Immigration) | Keeping illegal immigrants out of the country | 139 | |
| 5766297681 | Quota system | Selective migration system | 140 | |
| 5766299845 | Guest Program | Policies that allow temporary residence for migrants (Visas) | 141 | |
| 5766309050 | USA Immigration | WAVE 1 (1600's-1820) : English, Scots-Irish, German, Dutch, French WAVE 2 (1820-1860) : German and Irish WAVE 3 (1870-1914) : Italian, Russian, Austro-Hungarian, Chinese WAVE 4 (1965-present): Asians, Latinos | 142 | |
| 5766394508 | Youth Drain | All working people leave (non-dependents) | 143 | |
| 5766396595 | Brain Drain | All smart people (highly skilled) leave | 144 | |
| 5766398914 | Urban Sprawl | When a city gets more migrants and the population grows larger | 145 | |
| 5766404552 | Cultural Conflict | Conflict between different cultures | 146 | |
| 5766412219 | Nativism | Protecting the interests of native-born residents against those of immigrants | 147 | |
| 5766415719 | Xenophobia | Intense dislike of foreign-born people | 148 | |
| 5766426952 | Culture | Ideas associated with behaviors that have been learned by an individual and shared by a community. | 149 | |
| 5766439420 | Cultural Traits | Single attributes of culture | 150 | |
| 5766446102 | Cultural Geography | The study of cultural traits, their variations across space, and their relationship with the physical environment | 151 | |
| 5766454666 | Cultural Ecology | The sub-field of cultural geography that focuses on the relationship between the natural environment and culture | 152 | |
| 5766461373 | Sequent Occupance | Cultural landscapes are affected by multiple cultures over time, each leaving their own imprint | 153 | |
| 5766468541 | Cultural Hearth | The areas of earth where cultural innovations begin | 154 | |
| 5766472608 | Cultural Diffusion | The process by which cultural traits are spread outward | 155 | |
| 5766476295 | Expansion Diffusion | Diffusion by transmission of ideas | 156 | |
| 5766480346 | Contagious expansion | Ideas that spread evenly to places close to it | 157 | |
| 5766480415 | Hierarchical expansion | Ideas that spread through a hierarchy or place/person of importance | 158 | |
| 5766482732 | Stimulus expansion | Ideas that spread and are altered from their original ideas | 159 | |
| 5766483235 | Relocation Diffusion | Ideas that spread through movement/migration | 160 | |
| 5766486103 | Migrant diffusion | Death of an idea in it's hearth due to migration | 161 | |
| 5766499369 | S-Curve of Diffusion | 1. Innovators (2.5% of pop.) 2. Early Adopters (13.5% of pop.) 3. Early Majority (34% of pop.) 4. Late Majority (34% of pop.) 5. Laggards (16% of pop.) | 162 | |
| 5766499398 | Cultural Convergence | The effects of multiple cultures making contact: results in cultural conflict and/or globalization | 163 | |
| 5766512854 | Acculturation | The process in which one culture adopts some of the traits of another culture | 164 | |
| 5766518106 | Assimilation | The process in which a dominant culture completely absorbs a less dominant culture | 165 | |
| 5766523098 | Transculturation | The process in which two cultures more equally exchange cultural traits | 166 | |
| 5767108372 | Syncretism | Blending of ideologies | 167 | |
| 5766528128 | Ethnocentrism | Belief in the superiority of one's own culture | 168 | |
| 5766687096 | Gender | Identity defined by internal feelings of masculinity or femininity and associated behaviors | 169 | |
| 5766691875 | Ethnicity | Identity defined by a connection to a cultural tradition | 170 | |
| 5766718138 | Residential Segregation | The physical separation of ethnic/racial groups into separate neighborhoods | 171 | |
| 5766720802 | Enclave | region where an ethnic minority is concentrated | 172 | |
| 5766726320 | Ghetto | region where an ethnic minority is forced to live | 173 | |
| 5766733533 | White Flight | All the white people migrate due to mass migration of African American | 174 | |
| 5766738299 | Ethnic Cleansing | Killing of an ethnic group that's not their own | 175 | |
| 5766761353 | Customs | The repetitive practices of a cultural group | 176 | |
| 5766970301 | Folk Culture | Hearth: Anonymous Practiced by: Small, homogeneous, rural populations Diffusion: Relocation (slow) | 177 | |
| 5766988290 | Folk Culture & the Environment | Folk culture/customs are often responsive to the physical environment | 178 | |
| 5766992025 | Popular Culture | Hearth: Urban centers in developed countries Practiced by: Large, wealthy, heterogeneous populations Diffusion: Contagious or Hierarchical (rapid) Medium of Diffusion: Television & Internet | 179 | |
| 5767015781 | Popular Culture & the Environment | Modifies landscapes, Promotes uniformity, Depletes natural resources, Causes pollution | 180 | |
| 5767021288 | Commodification of Culture | Making a profit off of someone else's culture | 181 | |
| 5767114227 | Cultural Imperialism | The invasion of one culture into another where the invading culture becomes dominant. | 182 | |
| 5767127746 | Language | System of communication using symbols that have a shared meaning | 183 | |
| 5767131353 | Typonyms | Place names tell us about a cultural landscape | 184 | |
| 5767158359 | Isogloss | boundary that seperates regions in which different language uses predominate | 185 | |
| 5767153513 | Accent | Differences in the way words of a common language sound | 186 | |
| 5767155597 | Dialect | Differences in the grammatical features of a common language | 187 | |
| 5767174964 | Sino-Tibetan Language Family (20.16%) | Regions = China, part of SE Asia Major Languages = Thai, Burmese, Mandarin, Wu Mandarin most widely spoken | 188 | |
| 5767194456 | Niger-Congo Language Family (6.94%) | Regions = Sub-Saharan Africa Major Languages = Yoruba, Igbo, Shona, Swahili Swahili most widely spoken | 189 | |
| 5767214077 | Afro-Asiatic Language Family (6.05%) | Regions = North Africa & SouthWest Asia Major Languages = Arabic & Hebrew | 190 | |
| 5767229105 | Indo-European Language Family (46%) | Regions = North America, Latin America, Europe, South Asia, South Africa, Australia Hearth = Caucasus Region near the Black Sea | 191 | |
| 5767204688 | Logograms | represent ideas | 192 | |
| 5767203062 | Lingua-Franca | language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages (common language everyone speaks in) | 193 | |
| 5767241223 | Indo-European Diffusion | Kurgan "Conquest" Theory and Anatolian "Agriculture" Theory | 194 | |
| 5767246049 | Kurgan "Conquest" Theory | The proto-Indo-European language was spread by the Kurgan takeover of small communities throughout Europe and Asia | 195 | |
| 5767255873 | Anatolian "Agriculture" Theory | The proto-Indo-European language was spread by Anatolian agricultural innovations west into Europe and east into Asia | 196 | |
| 5767286799 | Indo-Iranian Branch | INDO-ARYAN GROUP: Hindi and Urdu IRANIAN GROUP: Farsi, Pashto, and Kurdish | 197 | |
| 5767297878 | Balto-Slavic Branch | EASTERN GROUP: Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian WESTERN GROUP: Polish, Czech, Slovak SOUTHERN GROUP: Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian | 198 | |
| 5767300388 | Slavic | Ethnic group whose hearth is Eastern Europe | 199 | |
| 5767329426 | Germanic Branch | WEST GERMANIC: German, English, Dutch, Afrikaans NORTH GERMANIC: Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Icelandic | 200 | |
| 5767360644 | Romance Branch | Root: Latin Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian, Romanian | 201 | |
| 5767373744 | Language Convergence | When Languages merge and it results in Multilingualism (acculturation), Language Extinction (assimilation), Language Imperialism, and/or Conflict over Official Language | 202 | |
| 5767389406 | Language Simplification | Pidgin and Creole | 203 | |
| 5767389407 | Pidgin | form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocab of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of different languages | 204 | |
| 5767637202 | Creole | a mother tongue that originates from contact between two languages | 205 | |
| 5767421468 | Ideology | A system of ideas or ideals that shape our understanding of the world and society | 206 | |
| 5767424586 | Religion | A belief in divine being(s) and the rituals and ethics that result from that belief. Beliefs give religion its mind, rituals give religion its shape, and ethics give religion its heart | 207 | |
| 5767429530 | Pilgrimage | travel to a sacred site to pay respects or participate in a ritual at the site | 208 | |
| 5767431627 | Immanence | divinity being in the material world | 209 | |
| 5767431628 | Transcendence | divinity being "beyond" | 210 | |
| 5767434953 | Universalizing Religion | belief that their religion applies to everyone | 211 | |
| 5767435092 | Ethnic Religion | belief that their religion applies only to a specific group of people | 212 | |
| 5775664624 | Religious Branches | A large and fundamental division within a religion Example: Mahayana branch of Buddhism | 213 | |
| 5775664625 | Denominations | A subgroup within a religion that operates under a common name, tradition, and identity. Example: Christian denominations: Anglican, Baptist, Methodist, etc. | 214 | |
| 5775665553 | Sects | A relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination | 215 | |
| 5767438437 | Proselytism | trying to convert others or spread your religion to others | 216 | |
| 5767438517 | Polytheism | worship of many gods | 217 | |
| 5767441316 | Monotheism | worship of a god | 218 | |
| 5767441317 | Atheism | worship of no god | 219 | |
| 5767446027 | Fundamentalism | strict in values not flexible to change | 220 | |
| 5767446028 | Modernism | able to adjust and accept change, more flexible in values | 221 | |
| 5767448484 | Secularism | keeping government and religion separate | 222 | |
| 5767450478 | Theocracy | merging government with religious beliefs | 223 | |
| 5767463805 | Hinduism | Ethnic Religion (80% of Indians & Nepalese & 1 billion people worldwide) Divinity: Brahman (polytheistic) Hearth: India (Oldest religion still in practice) Diffusion: Relocation Sacred Places: Mandirs, Temples, and Shrines Holy Books = Vedas, Upanishads, Mahabharata, & Ramayana | 224 | |
| 5775682828 | Sacred Places (Hinduism) | Ganges River and Varanasi | 225 | |
| 5775688796 | Sacred Practices (Hinduism) | Yoga, Diet, and Bindi | 226 | |
| 5775788897 | Puruṣārthas (Hinduism) | 4 main aims and goals of human life: Dharma = (moral values) Artha = (economic values) Kama = (psychological values) Moksha = (spiritual values) | 227 | |
| 5768869592 | Krishna | Founding figure of Hinduism, Avatar of Vishnu (The Preserver) | 228 | |
| 5767477389 | Avatars (Hinduism) | The physical form that gods reveal themselves to men as | 229 | |
| 5767531130 | Saṃsāra | reincarnation | 230 | |
| 5767537178 | Caste System | Brahmin - Priests Kshatriya - Warriors, nobles/kings Vaishya - Farmers, merchants Sudra - Servants, laborers | 231 | |
| 5767551518 | Karma | the belief that every action a person takes, whether good or bad, has a consequence in the future | 232 | |
| 5768636028 | Buddhism | Universalizing Religion Divinity = Dharma (atheistic) Holy Books = Tripiṭaka Hearth = Northern India Diffusion = Expansion Sacred Places: Pagodas, Monasteries, and Stupas | 233 | |
| 5775709841 | Sacred Buildings (Buddhism) | Lumbini (Eternal Peace Flame) and Mahabodhi Temple | 234 | |
| 5768980246 | Types of Buddhism | 1. Theravada (38%) (Strict adherents) 2. Mahayana (56%) (Bodhisattvas) 3. Tantrayana (6%) | 235 | |
| 5768660098 | Siddhartha Gautama | Born a Hindu prince and became a Buddha after he attained Enlightenment | 236 | |
| 5768666978 | Buddha | A person who has attained enlightenment | 237 | |
| 5768670953 | Enlightenment | Attainment of Ultimate Wisdom | 238 | |
| 5768674933 | Wisdom of Emptiness | Things lack independent existence and Things are instead interconnected | 239 | |
| 5768685744 | Four Noble Truths | 1. All Life is Suffering 2. Craving is the cause of suffering 3. Suffering can end by rejecting craving 4. The Eightfold Path | 240 | |
| 5768696823 | The Eightfold Path | The way to rejecting craving and ending suffering | 241 | |
| 5768703455 | Nirvana | "The End of Suffering" There is no more selfish craving and Your self is "blown out" like a candle | 242 | |
| 5768766014 | Judaism | Ethnic Religion (14 million people worldwide) Divinity = YHWH (Elohim) Hearth = Eastern Mediterranean (Oldest monotheistic religion still in practice) Diffusion = Relocation | 243 | |
| 5775716731 | Sacred Building (Judaism) | Temple of Solomon (most sacred site) | 244 | |
| 5768792694 | Abraham | Founding figure of Judaism, given Three Covenants by Elohim | 245 | |
| 5768802081 | Three Covenants | 1. Abraham and his descendants would be given the "Promised Land" 2. Abraham would be the "Father of many nations" (Ishmael and Isaac) 3. God's Blessing | 246 | |
| 5775655496 | Salvation | means of being saved from harm or consequence for sin | 247 | |
| 5768925401 | Redemption | The action of saving or being saved from sin | 248 | |
| 5768925402 | SIn | disobeying rules given by a god | 249 | |
| 5768925403 | Atonement | redemption for committing a sin | 250 | |
| 5768930372 | Traditional Jewish Practices | Sabbath, Kippah's, and Bar/Bat Mitzvahs (coming of age party) | 251 | |
| 5771595313 | Sabbath | day of rest and worship | 252 | |
| 5768938196 | Kosher Diet | foods that are fit to eat ("clean") | 253 | |
| 5768941365 | Kosher Rules | Indicate foods that are fit to eat ("clean") : 1. Mammals with cloven hooves and chew cud 2. Fish that can be scaled without damage to the skin 3. Non-birds of prey | 254 | |
| 5768955984 | Holidays (Judaism) | 1. Hanukkah - Festival of Lights 2. Yom Kippur - Day of fasting/prayer for the forgiveness of sin 3. Rosh Hashanah - 10 day period of atonement before Yom Kippur | 255 | |
| 5768969376 | Types of Judaism | Orthodox (10%) Reform (18%) Conservative (35%) | 256 | |
| 5768983769 | Synagogue | House of Prayer | 257 | |
| 5768997033 | Rabbi | Expert on all the rules of faith | 258 | |
| 5768999796 | Hazzan | Leader of Prayer | 259 | |
| 5769003703 | The Messiah | A future Jewish leader born of King David's line Meant to: Reunite the Jewish people, Rebuild the Temple of Solomon, and Establish an age of peace and godliness | 260 | |
| 5769011039 | Christianity | Universalizing Religion (2.2 billion people worldwide) Divinity = YHWH (Jehovah) Holy Books = Bible ('Torah', Gospels, Letters of Paul) Hearth = Eastern Mediterranean (Most practiced religion in the world) Sacred Places: Churches and Cathedrals Diffusion = Forced Relocation & Expansion (Contagious, Stimulus) | 261 | |
| 5769028320 | Jesus | Jewish teacher, Executed as a revolutionary, and Named Christ | 262 | |
| 5769033134 | The Trinity | God = 'Father', 'Son', & 'Spirit' | 263 | |
| 5769076366 | The Apostles | Peter = "the rock" (1st pope) Paul = Received the new covenant (Jesus' sacrifice was the redemption on your behalf) | 264 | |
| 5769076367 | Salvation (Christianity) | Atonement: Blood of Jesus "Kingdom of God" : Heaven | 265 | |
| 5769089360 | Traditional Christian Practices | Sacraments : Baptism and the Holy Eucharist (Communion) | 266 | |
| 5769097186 | Holidays (Christianity) | 1. Christmas - Celebration of Jesus' birth (Born of a virgin) 2. Easter - Celebration of Jesus' death, resurrection, and ascension to heaven | 267 | |
| 5769119860 | Types of Christianity | 1. Roman Catholic (50%) Western Europe & Americas 2. Eastern Orthodox (12%) 1054: Great Schism Eastern Europe 3. Protestant (37%) 1500s: Reformation Americas & Sub-Saharan Africa | 268 | |
| 5769129011 | U.S. Christian Distribution | 71% of all Americans are Christian: 51% Protestant 24% Catholic 30% Evangelical | 269 | |
| 5769159527 | Roman Catholic | Scriptural Authority = Pope Salvation = Sacraments (Baptism, Confirmation, Holy Eucharist, Penance, Anointing the Sick, Holy Orders, and Matrimony) | 270 | |
| 5769231352 | Veneration of Saints | honoring a saint, a person who has been identified as having a high degree of sanctity or holiness | 271 | |
| 5771540635 | Orthodox | Scriptural Authority = All Bishops Salvation = union with Jehovah | 272 | |
| 5771547668 | Protestant | Scriptural Authority = Bible Salvation = Faith (Sacraments are symbolic of grace) | 273 | |
| 5771563502 | Evangelical Protestants | Fundamentalists, believe you can be "born again" | 274 | |
| 5771567259 | Mainline Protestants | Modernists | 275 | |
| 5771575729 | Sacred Buildings (Christianity) | Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Jerusalem), Tomb of St. Peter (Rome), and the Church of the Nativity (Bethlehem) | 276 | |
| 5775681940 | Sacred Art (Christianity) | The Creation of Adam (Michelangelo), The Last Supper (Da Vinci), and Christ the Redeemer (Landowski) | 277 | |
| 5775770093 | Relationship between Purusarthas, Caste System, and Samsara (Hinduism) | Puruṣārthas are the 4 main aims and goals of human life, everyone presides in a Caste System, or arrangement of economic and social status, that is said to be based on your actions/morals and whether or not you followed the Puruṣārthas in your past life, Priests being at the top and Servants/Laborers being at the bottom. Samsara refers to your reincarnation, you are born again into a new life after your death, placed into a new part of the Caste System based on whether or not you followed the aims of the Puruṣārthas and the cycle is restarted and continuous. | 278 | |
| 5775784347 | Relationship between Noble Truths, The Eightfold Path, and Nirvana (Buddhism) | The Four Noble Truths are 1. All Life is Suffering, 2. Craving is the cause of suffering, 3. Suffering can end by rejecting craving, and 4. The Eightfold Path, which is the way to rejecting craving and ending suffering. Following all 8 steps of the Eightfold Path will lead you to achieving Nirvana, the end of suffering, meaning there is no more selfish craving and your self has been "blown out" like a candle. This is all a process of attaining Enlightenment. | 279 | |
| 5775785254 | Relationship between Elohim's Covenants, Redemption, and The Messiah (Judaism) | Elohim's Covenants stated that 1. Abraham and his descendants would be given the "Promised Land", 2. Abraham would be the "Father of many nations" (Ishmael and Isaac), and 3. Him and his people would receive God's Blessing. If Abraham or his people veered away or disobeyed any of Elohim's rules, they would seek Redemption, meaning they would collectively repent and ask for forgiveness from Elohim and have their sins erased and be back in line for Elohim's covenants. The Messiah was a future Jewish leader born of King David's line that was born to Reunite the Jewish people, Rebuild the Temple of Solomon and Establish an age of peace and godliness. People who practice Judaism believe that Elohim's covenants/prophecy cannot be fulfilled until The Messiah has come and "saved" them. | 280 | |
| 5775785786 | Relationship between The "new" Covenant, Salvation, and Sacraments vs. Faith (Christianity) | The "new" Covenant stated that Jesus' sacrifice was the redemption on your behalf and that your Salvation or means of being saved from harm or consequence for sin was cleared by Jesus' Crucifixion on the cross. When you participate in Sacraments (Baptism and Holy Eucharist) you're acknowledging that Jesus' Atonement in blood was your Salvation. Whereas faith is complete trust or confidence in the fact that Jesus' Atonement in blood was your Salvation. | 281 | |
| 5830420131 | Regions of Distribution (Judaism) | U.S. and Israel | 282 | |
| 5830427296 | Regions of Distribution (Islam) | Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia | 283 | |
| 5830434977 | Regions of Distribution (Christianity) | North America, South America, Europe, and Australia | 284 | |
| 5830436495 | Regions of Distribution (Hinduism) | India and Nepal | 285 | |
| 5830437765 | Islam | Universalizing Religion Fastest Growing Religion (youngest Universalizing Religion) Divinity = YHWH (Allah) Holy Books = Quran & Hidiths Hearth = Mecca Diffusion = Relocation & Expansion | 286 | |
| 5830438790 | Predominant Christian Religion in the North of the U.S. | Lutheran | 287 | |
| 5830443413 | Predominant Christian Religion in the South of the U.S. | Baptist | 288 | |
| 5830445115 | Predominant Christian Religion in the West of the U.S. | Mormon | 289 | |
| 5830453211 | 5 Pillars of Islam | - Shahada = There is one god and Muhammad is his prophet - Salah = The Way(s) to Pray - Zakat = Alms Giving - Sawm = Fasting - Hajj = Pilgrimage to Mecca | 290 | |
| 5830517911 | Types of Islam | Sunni (85%) Shia (10%) Other (5%) | 291 | |
| 5830519679 | How Islam Diffused | Muslims used Sharia Law and forcibly converted regions they conquered into the Islamic faith. | 292 | |
| 5830520101 | How Christianity Diffused | Missionaries carried the teachings of Jesus along the Roman empire's protected sea routes and road networks to people in other locations. It also spread through hierarchical diffusion from the daily contact of believers and non-believers. | 293 | |
| 5830520999 | How Judaism Diffused | relocation diffusion via forced (as roman slaves) and refugee migration (from the holocaust) | 294 | |
| 5830521000 | How Buddhism Diffused | expansion diffusion along trade routes and relocation diffusion around the world | 295 | |
| 5830526530 | Similarities between the 4 main Regions | - near an ocean or near a river with easy access to an ocean - 2/3's of the Population live within 300 miles of an ocean - Occupy low-lying areas with fertile soil and temperature climate - located in northern hemisphere between 10 and 55 degrees north latitude | 296 | |
| 5830523115 | 3 Critical Reasons Population is important | - Most people are alive at this time - The world's population increased at a faster rate during the second half of the 20th century than ever before in history - Virtually all global population growth is concentrated in LDC's | 297 | |
| 5830527521 | 4 Main Regions | - East Asia - South Asia - Southeast Asia - Western Europe | 298 | |
| 5835116291 | Muhammed | Important Figure of Islam | 299 |
