Chapter 4: Geography,Political Geography Vocabulary of AP Human Geography Barron's Book, 2012 4th Edition
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| 1454932106 | Antecedent Boundaries | A boundary line established before an area is populated. | 0 | |
| 1454932107 | Balkanization | The contentious political process by which a state may break up into smaller countries. | 1 | |
| 1454932108 | Buffer State | A relatively small country sandwiched between two larger powers. The existence of buffer states may help to prevent dangerous conflicts between powerful countries. | 2 | |
| 1454932109 | Centrifugal Forces | Forces that tend to divide a country. | 3 | |
| 1454932110 | Centripetal Forces | Forces that tend to unite or bind a country together. | 4 | |
| 1454932111 | Colonialism | The expansion and perpetuation of an empire. | 5 | |
| 1454932112 | Commonwealth of Independent States | Confederacy of independent states of the former Soviet Union that have united because of their common economic and administrative needs. | 6 | |
| 1454932113 | Compact State | A state that possesses a roughly circular,oval, or rectangular territory in which the distance from the geometric center is relatively equal in all directions. | 7 | |
| 1454932114 | Confederation | A form of an international organization that brings several autonomous states together for a common purpose. | 8 | |
| 1454932115 | Democratization | The process of establishing representative and accountable forms of government led by popularly elected officials. | 9 | |
| 1454932116 | Devolution | The delegation of legal authority from a central government to lower levels of political organization, such as state or country. | 10 | |
| 1454932117 | Domino Theory | The idea that political stabilization in one country can lead to collapse of political stability in neighboring countries, starting a chain reaction of collapse. | 11 | |
| 1454932118 | East/West Divide | Geographic separation between the largely democratic and free market countries of Western Europe and the Americas from the communist and socialist countries of eastern Europe and Asia. | 12 | |
| 1454932119 | Electoral College | A certain number of electors from each state proportional to and seemingly representative of that state's population. each elector chooses a candidate believing they are representing their constituency's choice. The candidate who receives a higher proportion of electoral votes within a state receives all the electoral votes for that state. | 13 | |
| 1454932120 | Electoral Vote | The decision of a particular state elector that represents the dominant views of that elector's state. | 14 | |
| 1454932121 | Elongated State | A state whose territory is long and narrow in shape. | 15 | |
| 1454932122 | Enclaves | An small and relatively homogeneous group or religion surrounded by another large and different group or religion. | 16 | |
| 1454932123 | European Union | International organization comprised of Western European countries to promote free trade among members. | 17 | |
| 1454932124 | Exclave | A bounded territory that is part of a particular state but is separated from it by the territory of a different state. | 18 | |
| 1454932125 | Federalism | A system of government in which power is distributed among certain geographical territories rather than concentrated within a central government. | 19 | |
| 1454932126 | Fragmented State | A state that is not a contiguous whole but rather separated parts. | 20 | |
| 1454932127 | Frontier | An area where borders are shifting and weak and where peoples of different cultures or nationalities meet and lay claim to the land. | 21 | |
| 1454932128 | Geometric Boundary | Political boundaries that are defined and delimited by straight lines. | 22 | |
| 1454932129 | Geopolitics | The study of the interplay between political relations and the territorial context in which they occur. | 23 | |
| 1454932130 | Gerrymandering | The designation of voting districts so as to favor a particular political party or candidate. | 24 | |
| 1454932131 | Heartland Theory | Hypothesis proposed by Halford Mackinder that held that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world. | 25 | |
| 1454932132 | Imperialism | The perpetuation of a colonial empire even after it is no longer politically sovereign. | 26 | |
| 1454932133 | International Organization | An alliance if two or more countries seeking cooperation withe each other without giving up either's autonomy or self determination. | 27 | |
| 1454932134 | Landlocked State | A state that is completely surrounded by the land of other states, which gives it a disadvantage in terms of accessibility t and from international trade routes. | 28 | |
| 1454932135 | Law of the Sea | Law establishing states' rights and responsibilities concerning the ownership and use of the Earth's seas and oceans and their resources. | 29 | |
| 1454932136 | Lebensraum | Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people. | 30 | |
| 1454932137 | Microstate | A state or territory that is small in both populations and area. | 31 | |
| 1454932138 | Nation | Tightly knit group of individuals sharing a common language, ethnicity, religion, and other cultural attributes. | 32 | |
| 1454932139 | Nationalism | A sense of national pride to such an extent of exhalting one nation above all others. | 33 | |
| 1454932140 | Nation-State | A country whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity. | 34 | |
| 1454932141 | North American Free Trade Agreement | Agreement signed on January 1, 1994, that allows the opening of borders between the United States, Mexico, and Canada. | 35 | |
| 1454932142 | North Atlantic Treaty Organization | An international organization that has joined for military purposes. | 36 | |
| 1454932143 | North/South Divide | The economic division between the wealthy countries of Europe and North America, Japan and Australia and the generally poorer countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. | 37 | |
| 1454932144 | Organic Theory | The view that states resemble biological organisms with life cycles that include stages of youth, maturity and old age. | 38 | |
| 1454932145 | Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries | An international economic organization whose member countries all produce and export oil. | 39 | |
| 1454932146 | Perforated State | A state whose territory completely surrounds that of another state. | 40 | |
| 1454932147 | Physical Boundary | Political boundaries that correspond with prominent physical features such as mountain ranges or rivers. | 41 | |
| 1454932148 | Political Geography | The spatial analysis of political phenomena and process. | 42 | |
| 1454932149 | Popular Vote | The tally pf each individual's vote within a given geographic. | 43 | |
| 1454932150 | Prorupted State | A state that exhibits a narrow, elongated land extension leading away from the main territory. | 44 | |
| 1454932151 | Reapportionment | The process of reallocation of electoral seats to defined territories. | 45 | |
| 1454932152 | Rectangular State | A state whose shape is rectangular in shape. | 46 | |
| 1454932153 | Redistricting | The drawing of new electoral district boundary lines in response to population changes. | 47 | |
| 1454932154 | Relic Boundaries | Old political boundaries that no longer exist as international borders, but that have left an enduring mark on the local cultural or environmental geography. | 48 | |
| 1454932155 | Rimland Theory | Nicholas Spykman's theory that the domination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia would provide the base for world conquest. | 49 | |
| 1454932156 | Self- Determination | The right of a nation to govern itself autonomously. | 50 | |
| 1454932157 | Sovereignty | Supreme or independent political power. | 51 | |
| 1454932158 | State | A politically organized territory that is administered by a sovereign government is recognized by the international community. | 52 | |
| 1454932159 | Stateless Nation | A group of people with a common political identity who do not have a territoriality defined, sovereign country of their own. | 53 | |
| 1454932160 | State's Right | Rights and powers believed to be in the authority of the state rather than the federal government. | 54 | |
| 1454932161 | Subsequent Boundaries | Boundary line established after an area has been settles that considers the social and cultural characteristics of the area. | 55 | |
| 1454932162 | Superimposed Boundaries | Boundary line drawn in an area ignoring the existing cultural pattern. | 56 | |
| 1454932163 | Supranational Organization | Organization of three or more states to promote shared objectives. | 57 | |
| 1454932164 | Territorial Organization | Political organization that distributes political power in more easily governed units of land. | 58 | |
| 1454932165 | Territorial Dispute | Any dispute over land ownership. | 59 | |
| 1454932166 | Theocracy | A state whose government is either believed to be divinely guided or a state under the control of a group of religious leaders. | 60 | |
| 1454932167 | Unitary State | A state governed constitutionally as a unit, without internal divisions or a federalist delegation of powers. | 61 | |
| 1454932168 | United Nations | A global supranational organization established at the end of World War 2 to foster international security and cooperation | 62 |
