Ap Human Geography Chapter 12
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| 1143164423 | Service | Any activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it. |  | 1 |
| 1142532408 | Settlement | A permanent collection of buildings and inhabitants. |  | 2 |
| 1142532409 | Consumer Services | Businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers, including retail services and personal services. | 3 | |
| 1142532410 | Business Services | Services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services. |  | 4 |
| 1142532411 | Public Service | Services offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses. |  | 5 |
| 1142532412 | Clustered Rural Settlements | A rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each other and fields surround the settlement. | 6 | |
| 1142532413 | Dispersed Rural Settlement | A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages. | 7 | |
| 1142532414 | Enclosure Movement | During the Industrial Revolution, it was the consolidation of many small farms into one large farm, which created a labor force as many people lost their homes. | 8 | |
| 1142532415 | Urbanization | An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements. | 9 | |
| 1142532426 | Central Place Theory | A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther. | 10 | |
| 1142532427 | Central Place | A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area. | 11 | |
| 1142532416 | Market Area (Hinterland) | The area surrounding a central place, from which people are attracted to use the place's goods and services. | 12 | |
| 1142532417 | Range | The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service. | 13 | |
| 1142532418 | Threshold | The minimum number of people needed to support a service. | 14 | |
| 1142532419 | Gravity Model | A model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service. | 15 | |
| 1142532420 | Rank-Size Rule | A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement. | 16 | |
| 1142532421 | Primate City Rule | A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement. | 17 | |
| 1142532422 | Primate City | The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement. |  | 18 |
| 1142532423 | Basic Industries | Industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement | 19 | |
| 1142532424 | Nonbasic Industries | Industries that sell their products primarily to consumers in the community. | 20 | |
| 1142532425 | Economic Base | A community's unique collection of basic industries. | 21 |
