Vocabulary for the Human Geography textbook by H. J. De Blij, Alexander B. Murphy, and Erin H. Fouberg. Chaoter One.
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| 30454094 | Fieldwork | the study of geographic phenomena by visiting and observing how people interact with and thereby change those places. | |
| 30454095 | Human Geography | One of the two major divisions of Geography; the spatial analysis of human population, its cultures, activities, and landscapes. | |
| 30454096 | Globalization | the expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes to the point that they become global in scale and impact. The process of _______ transcend state boundaries and have outcomes that vary across places and states. | |
| 30454097 | Physical Geography | One of the two major divisions of systematic geography; the spatial analysis of the structure, processes, and location of Earth's natural phenomena such as climate, soil, plants, animals, and topography. | |
| 30454098 | Spatial | pertaining to space on the Earth's surface; sometimes used as a synonym for geographic. | |
| 30454099 | Spatial Distribution | physical location of geographic phenomena across space. | |
| 30454100 | Pattern | the design of spatial distribution. | |
| 30454101 | Medical Geography | the study of health and disease within a geographic context and from a geographical perspective. Among other things, _______ _______ looks at sources, diffusion routes, and distributions of diseases. | |
| 30454102 | Pandemic | An outbreak of a disease that spreads worldwide. | |
| 30454103 | Epidemic | Regional outbreak of a disease. | |
| 30454104 | Spatial Perspective | Observing variations in geographic phenomena across space. | |
| 30454105 | Five Themes | Developed by the Geographic Educational National Implemention Project (GENIP), the _____ ______ of geography are location, human-environment, region, place, and movement. | |
| 30454106 | Location | The first theme of Geography as defined by the GENIP; the geographical situation of people and things. | |
| 30454107 | Location Theory | A logical attempt to explain the ______ional pattern of the economic activity and the manner in which its producing areas are interrelated. The agricultural _____ _______ contained in the von Thünen model is a leading example. | |
| 30454108 | Human-Environment | The second theme of geography as defined by the GENIP; reciprocal relationship between humans and environment. | |
| 30454109 | Region | The third theme of Geography as defined by the GENIP; an area on the Earth's surface marked by a degree of formal, funtional, or perceptual homogeneity of some phenomenon. | |
| 30454110 | Place | The fourth theme of Geography as defined by the GENIP; uniqueness of a location. | |
| 30454111 | Sense of Place | State of mind derived through the infusion of a place with meaning and emotion by remembering important events that occurred in that place or by labeling a place with a certian character. | |
| 30454112 | Perception of Place | Belief or "understanding" about a place developed through books, movies, stories or pictures. | |
| 30454113 | Movement | The fifth theme of Geography as defined by the GENIP; the mobility of people, goods and ideas across the surface of the planet. | |
| 30454114 | Spatial Interaction | Both Complementarity ( A condition that exists when two regions, through an exchange of raw materials and/ or finished products, can specifically satisfy each other's demands) and Intervening Opportunity (The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away). | |
| 30454115 | Distance | Measurement of the physical space between two places. | |
| 30454116 | Accessibility | The degree of ease with which it is possible to reach a certian location from other locations. ________ varies from place to place and can be measured. | |
| 30454117 | Connectivity | The degree of direct linkage between one particular location and other locations in a transport network. | |
| 30454118 | Landscape | The overall appearance of an area. Most _______ are comprised of a combination of natural and human-induced influences. | |
| 30454119 | Cultural Landscape | The visible imprint of human activity and ______ on the ________. The layers of buildings, forms, and artifacts sequnetially imprinted on the ______ by the activities of various human occupants. | |
| 30454120 | Sequent Occupance | The notion that succesive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape. | |
| 30454121 | Cartography | The art and science of making maps, including data compilation, layout, and design. Also concerned with the interpretation of mapped patterns. | |
| 30454122 | Reference Maps | Maps that show the absolute location of places and geographic features determined by a frame of _______, typically latitude and longitude. | |
| 30454123 | Thematic Maps | Maps that tell stories, typically showing the degree of some attribute of the movement of a geographic phenomenon. | |
| 30454124 | Absolute Location | The position of place of a certian item on the surface of the Earth as expresed in degrees, minutes, and seconds of latitude, 0° to 90° north or south of the equator, and longitude, 0° to 180° east or west of the Prime Meridian passing through Greenwich, England. | |
| 30454125 | Global Positioning System (GPS) | Satellite-based system for determining the absolute location of places or geograpic features. | |
| 30454126 | Geocaching | A hunt for a cache, the GPS coordinates which are placed on the Internet by other _______ers. | |
| 30454127 | Relative Location | The regional position or situation of a place relative to the position of other places. Distance, accessibility, and connectivity affect ____ ____. | |
| 30454128 | Mental Map | Image of picture of the way space is organized as determined by an individual's perception, impression, and knowledge of that space. | |
| 30454129 | Activity Space | The space within which daily activity occurs. | |
| 30454130 | Generalized Map | "When mapping data, whether human or physical geographers, cartographers, the geographers who make maps, generalize the information the present on maps." (de Blij, Murphey, Fouberg, ph 16) | |
| 30454131 | Remote Sensing | A method of collecting data or information through the use of instruments that are physically distant from the area or object of study. | |
| 30454132 | Geographic Information System (GIS) | A collection of computer hardware and software that permits spatial data to be collected, recorded, stored, retrieved, manipulated, analyzed, and displayed to the user. | |
| 30454133 | Rescale | Involvement of players at other scales to generate support for a position or an initiative (e.g., use of the Internet to generate interest on a national or global scale for a local position or initiative). | |
| 30454134 | Formal Region | A type of _______ in which the housing stock predominantly reflects styles of building that are particular to the culture of the people who have inhabited the area. | |
| 30454135 | Functional Region | A ______ defined by the particular set of activities or interactions that occur within it. | |
| 30454136 | Perceptual Region | A ______ that only exists as a conceptualization or an idea and not as a physically demarcated entity. | |
| 30454137 | Culture | The sum total of the knowledge, attitudes, and habitual behavior patterns shared and transmitted by the members of a society. | |
| 30454138 | Cultural Trait | A single element of normal practice in a culture, such as the wearing of a turban. | |
| 30454139 | Cultural Complex | A related set of cultural traits, such as prevailing dress codes and cooking and eating utensils. | |
| 30454140 | Cultural Hearth | Heartland, source area, innovation center; place of origin of a major culture. | |
| 30454141 | Independent Invention | The term for a trait with many cultural hearths that developed independent of each other | |
| 30454142 | Cultural Diffusion | The expansion and adoption of a cultural element, from its place of origin to a wider area. | |
| 30454143 | Time-Distance Decay | The declining degree of acceptance of an idea or innovation with increasing time and distance from its point of origin or source. | |
| 30454144 | Cultural Barrier | Prevailing cultural attitude rendering certian innovations; ideas or practices unacceptable or unadoptable in that particular culture. | |
| 30454145 | Expansion Diffusion | The spread of an innovation or an idea through a population in an area in such a way that the number of those influenced grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanding area of dissemination. | |
| 30454146 | Contagious Diffusion | The distance-controlled spreading of an idea, innovation, or some other item through a local population by contact from person to person. | |
| 30454147 | Hierarchial Diffusion | A form of _____ in which an idea or innovation spreads by passing first among the most connected places or peoples. An urban ________ is usually involved, encouraging the leapfrogging of innovations over wide areas, with geographic distance a less important influence. | |
| 30454148 | Stimulus Diffusion | A form of _______ in which cultural adaptation is created as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place. | |
| 30454149 | Relocation Diffusion | Sequential ________ process in which the items being ________ are transmitted by their carrier agents as they evacuate the old areas and relocate new ones. | |
| 30454150 | Geographic Concept | Ways of seeing the world spatially that are used by geographers in answering research questions. | |
| 30454151 | Environmental Determinism | The view that the natural ______________ has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life, including cultural development. | |
| 30454152 | Isotherm | Line on a map connecting point of equal temperature values. | |
| 30454153 | Possibilism | Geographic viewpoint- a response to determinism- that holds that human descision making, not the environment, is the critical factor in cultural development. | |
| 30454154 | Cultural Ecology | The multiple interactions and relationships between a culture and the natural environment. | |
| 30454155 | Political Ecology | An approach to studying nature-society relations that is concerned with the ways in which environmental issues both reflect, and are the result of, the political and socioeconomic contexts in which they are situated. |
