Vocab from Chapter 2 of the Barron's APHG book. Chapter is called "Population Geography"
Terms : Hide Images
| 434143129 | Age-sex distribution | A model used in population geography that describes the ages and number of males and females within a given population, also known as a population pyramid | |
| 434143130 | Arithmetic Density | The number of people living in a given area | |
| 434143131 | Baby Boom | A cohort of individuals born in the United States between 1946 and 1964, which was just after World War II in a time of relative peace and prosperity. These conditions allowed for better education and job opportunities, encouraging high rates of both marriage and fertility. | |
| 434143132 | Baby Bust | Period of time during the 1960s and 1970s when fertility rates in the United States dropped as large numbers of women from the baby boom generation sought higher levels of education and more competitive jobs, causing them to marry later in life. As such, the fertility rate dropped considerably, in contrast to the baby boom, in which fertility rates were quite high. | |
| 434143133 | Carrying Capacity | The largest number of people that the environment of a particular area can support | |
| 434143134 | Census Tract | Small country subdivisions, usually containing between 2,500 and 8,000 persons, delineated by the US Census Bureau as areas of relatively uniform population characteristics, economic status, and living conditions. | |
| 434143135 | Chain Migration | A type of migration in which individuals follow the path of preceding friends/family members | |
| 434143136 | Child Mortality Rate | Number of deaths per thousand children within first 5 years of life | |
| 434143137 | Cohort | A population group unified by a specific common characteristic, like age, and used as a statistical unit | |
| 434143138 | Cotton Belt | Former umbrella term for the South of the US. GIven name because of its largely agrarian econ. | |
| 434143139 | Crude Birth Rate | Number of births per year per 1000 people | |
| 434143140 | Crude Death Rate | Number of deaths per year per 1000 people | |
| 434143141 | Demographic Accounting Equation | An equation that summarizes the amount of growth or decline in a population within a country during a particular time period taking into account both natural increase and net migration | |
| 434143142 | Demographic Transition Model | A sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth/death rates to low birth/death rates over time | |
| 434143143 | Demography | Study of human populations. | |
| 434143144 | Dependency Ratio | The ratio of the number of people who are either too old or young to provide for themselves to the number of people who must support them through their own labor. This is usually expressed in the form n : 100, where n equals the number of dependents. | |
| 434143145 | Doubling TIme | Time required for an exponentially growing population to double | |
| 434143146 | Emigration | Process of leaving a country of origin (moving) | |
| 434143147 | Exponential growth | Growth that occurs when a fixed percentage of people is added to a population each year. IT compounds over time. | |
| 434143148 | Forced Migration | Migration when individuals are made to leave against their will | |
| 434143149 | Generation X | Post Baby Boom generation, will have to suppot Baby boomers | |
| 434143150 | Geodemography | (aka population geography) a division of human geography concerned with spatial variations in distribution, composition, growth, and movements of population. | |
| 434143151 | Immigration | The process of individuals moving into a new country for good | |
| 434143152 | Infant Mortality Rate | Percentage of children who die before their first birthday in a particular region | |
| 434143153 | Internal Migration | The permanent or semi-permanent movement of individuals inside a particular country | |
| 434143154 | Intervening obstacles | Any forces that limit human migration | |
| 434143155 | Involuntary Migration | Same as forced Migration, when individuals are forced to migrate | |
| 434143156 | Life expectancy | The average age an individual is expected to live to, varies by race, gender | |
| 434143157 | Thomas Malthus | Author. Claimed population growth was exponential, food was arithmetic, and overpopulation was inevitable. | |
| 434143158 | Maternal Mortality Rate | Number of deaths per thousand of women giving birth | |
| 434143159 | Migration | A long term move of a person from one political jurisdiction to another | |
| 434143160 | Natural Increase Rate | The difference between the number of births and number of deaths within a particular country. | |
| 434143161 | Neo-Malthusian | Advocacy of population control programs to ensure enough resources for current and future populations. | |
| 434143162 | Overpopulation | A value judgement based on the notion that the resources of a particular area are not great enough to support that area's current population. | |
| 434143163 | Physiologic density | A ratio of human population to the area of cropland, used in less developed countries dominated by subsistence agriculture. | |
| 434143164 | Population density | A measurement of people to unit of land area | |
| 434143165 | Population Geography | A division of human geo, concerned with spatial variations in distribution, composition, growth, and movements of populations. | |
| 434143166 | Population pyramid | A model used in population geography to show the age and sex distribution of a particular population. | |
| 434143167 | Pull factors | Attractions that draw migrants to a certain place, such as a pleasant climate and employment or educational opportunities. | |
| 434143168 | Push Factors | Incentives for potential migrants to leave a place, such as a harsh climate, economic recession, or political turmoil. | |
| 434143169 | Refugees | People who leave their home because they are forced out, but not because they are officially being relocated/enslaved. More of a choice. Move because of a fear | |
| 434143170 | Rust Belt | The northern industrial states of the United States, including Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania, in which heavy industry was once the dominant economic activity. In the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, these states lost much of their economic base to economically attractive regions of the United States and to countries where labor was cheaper, leaving old machinery to rust in the moist northern climate. | |
| 434143171 | Sun Belt | U.S. region, mostly comprised of southeastern and southwestern states, which has grown most dramatically since World War II. | |
| 434143172 | Total Fertility Rate | The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years. | |
| 434143173 | Voluntary Migration | Movement of an individual who consciously and voluntarily decides to locate to a new area-the opposite of forced migration. | |
| 434143174 | Zero Population Growth | Proposal to end population growth through a variety of official and nongovernmental family planning programs. |
