Chapter 6 about language in the AP Human Geography book.
Terms : Hide Images
| 1508008213 | Language | Set of sounds, combination of sounds, and symbols used for communication. | 1 | |
| 1508008214 | Standard Language | A language variant used for the norm of media, school, government, and public life by the country's political and intelligent elite. | 2 | |
| 1508008215 | Dialect | Variant of a language (Pronounciation, grammer, and vocabulary). | 3 | |
| 1508008216 | Isogloss | Geogrpahic boundary where linguist reatures occur., A boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate. | 4 | |
| 1508008217 | Mutual Intelligibility | Two people understand each other when speaking., The ability of two people to understand each other when speaking | 5 | |
| 1508008218 | Dialect Chains | Set of contigious dielcts where the one near each other at any place in the chain are most closely related. | 6 | |
| 1508008219 | Language Family | Grouos of languages with shard, but slightly distant origin., A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history. | 7 | |
| 1508008220 | Subfamilies | Divisions within a family; commolities more definite. | 8 | |
| 1508008221 | Sound Shift | Slight word change in language within the subfamilies and language family from present time, backward to its origin. | 9 | |
| 1508008222 | Proto Indo-European | Ancestral Indo-european, language which came before Latin, greek, sanscript | 10 | |
| 1508008223 | Backward Reconstruction | Tracking Sound shifts and hardening of consonants "backwards" to the original language. | 11 | |
| 1508008224 | Extinct language | language without any native speakers. | 12 | |
| 1508008225 | Deep reconstruction | Recreate language that preceded it. | 13 | |
| 1508008226 | Nostratic | Proto Indo-European ancient ancenstor | 14 | |
| 1508008227 | Language Divergence | 1 language formed into 2., new languages are formed when a language breaks into dialects | 15 | |
| 1508008228 | Language Convergence | 2 languages collapsing into 1. | 16 | |
| 1508008229 | Reinfrew's Hypothesis | That said Proto Indo-European came from the Fertile Cresent. Anatolia into Europe, West Arc to North Africa and Arab, and East Arc into Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. | 17 | |
| 1508008230 | Conquest Theory | THEORY said that early Pro-Indo-Eurpean speakers spread West by horseback, overpowering, beginning diffusion snd differentiation of the Indo-European tongues., theory of how proto-inko european spread into europe that speakers spread westward on horseback | 18 | |
| 1508008231 | Dispersal Hypothesis | hypothesis which holds that the Indo-European languages that arose from Proto-Indo-European were first carried eastward into Southwest Asia, next around the Caspian Sea, and then across the Russian-Ukrainian plains and onto the Balkans | 19 | |
| 1508008232 | Romance Languages | French, Spanish, Italian, Romanian, and Portugese | 20 | |
| 1508008233 | Germanic Languages | English, German, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish | 21 | |
| 1508008234 | Slavanic Languages | Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Ukrainian, Slovenian, Serbo-Croatian, and Bulgarian. | 22 | |
| 1508008235 | Lingua Franca | Ancient language in the Mediterranean ports usually for trading and commerce | 23 | |
| 1508008236 | Pidgin Language | Where 2 or more languages come. Part of each of them combine into a simplified structure and vocabulary. | 24 | |
| 1508008237 | Creole Language | Began as a Pidgin language, but later adopted as mother tongue by the people of the mother tongue land. | 25 | |
| 1508008238 | Monolingual States | Countries with one language spoken. | 26 | |
| 1508008239 | Official Language | Multilingual countries have language chosen by an educated, powerful elite, usually the language is spoken in Courts and in the government. | 27 | |
| 1508008240 | Global Language | Language most commonly used around the world. Basis of many speakers or trade prevelance. | 28 | |
| 1508008241 | Place | Uniqueness of a location. | 29 | |
| 1508008242 | Toponym | the name by which a geographical place is known | 30 |
