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AP Human Geography Chapter 6 Language Flashcards

Language

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5734569468AccentA distinctive mode of pronunciation of a language, especially one associated with a particular nation, locality, or social class.0
5734569469DialectA particular form of a language that is particular to a specific region or social group. ex: regional slang, pop or soda, cellar or basement1
5734569470EsperantoAn artificial language devised in 1887 as an international medium of communication, based on roots from the chief European languages.2
5734569471Extinct LanguageAn extinct language is a language that no longer has any speakers, or that is no longer in current use.3
5734569472IdeogramA written character symbolizing the idea of a thing without indicating the sounds used to say it. An Example: 6 (six)4
5734569473IsoglossA geographic boundary line delimiting the area in which a given linguistic feature occurs.5
5734569474Isolated Languagea natural language with no demonstrable genealogical (or "genetic") relationship with other languages; that is, one that has not been demonstrated to descend from an ancestor common with any other language. i.e A language family with only one language.6
5734569475Language BranchA Subsection of a Language Family. i.e The Romance "-------" of the Indo-European language family.7
5734569476LanguageThe method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way.8
5734569477Language GroupA Collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary. ex: Romance language group derived from Latin: Spanish, Italian, Romanian, Portuguese, and French9
5734569478Language FamilyA collection of languages related to each other through a same original tongue, but have different characteristics ex: 50% of global population speak languages from Indo-European family10
5734569479Indo European language familyLargest language family that includes English and most other languages in the Western Hemisphere. Also used in South and Southwest Asia.11
5734569480Sino-Tibetan Language Family2nd largest language family. Includes Madarin, Thai, Cantonese and Burmese12
5734569481Lingua FrancaA Language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages, sometimes a combination of 2 languages13
5734569482Literary TraditionA Language that is written as well as spoken14
5734569483MonolingualThe condition of being able to speak only a single language15
5734569484BilingualThe ability to speak two languages16
5734569485MultilingualThe ability to speak multiple languages17
5734569486Official LanguageThe language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents.18
5734569487OrthographyThe conventional spelling system of a language.19
5734569488Pidgin LanguageA Form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages.20
5734569489Standard LanguageThe form of a language used for official government business, education, and mass communications.21
5734569490Toponyma place name or a word derived from the name of a place22
5734569491Trade LanguageA language, especially a pidgin, used by speakers of different native languages for communication in commercial trade.23
5734569492VernacularUsing a language or dialect native to a region or country rather than a literary, cultured, or foreign language. It is usually the language of the common people.24
5734569493Creolea mother tongue formed from the contact of two languages that was a pidgin language that has become the primary language of people who speak it.25
5734569494DenglishThe term is used in all German-speaking countries to refer to the increasingly strong influx of macaronic (slang) English or pseudo-English vocabulary into German.26
5734569495Franglaisa form of French using many words and idioms borrowed from English.27
5734569496EbonicsAmerican black English regarded as a language in its own right rather than as a dialect of standard English28
5734569497Spanglisha hybrid language combining words and idioms from both Spanish and English, especially Spanish speech that uses many English words and expressions.29
5734569498Language dominanceMany linguists believe that development of alphabets and resulting literary traditions contributed to dominance of particular languages and cultures across the globe. ex: English spoken in India, Portuguese in Brazil30
5734569499vernacular regionsa perceptual region defined by perceived unique physical and cultural characteristics in that area31

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