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AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY DEVELOPMENT Flashcards

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6597482014DevelopmentA process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology0
6597482015Gross domestic product (GDP)The value of total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period (normally one year).1
6597482018Job sector: primaryThe portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. Very prominent in LDC's2
6597482019Job sector: SecondaryThe portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. Very prominent in LDC's3
6597482020Job sector: TertiaryThe portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. Very prominent in LDC's4
6597482021Job sector: QuarternaryThe quaternary sector of the economy consists of intellectual activities. Activities associated with this sector include government, culture, libraries, scientific research, education, and information technology.5
6597482025Income inequalityRefers to the extent to which income is distributed in an uneven manner among a population.6
6597482026Consumer GoodsHousehold products, clothing, and other goods people buy to use for themselves7
6597482027Raw materialsThe availability of raw materials and energy resources measures a countries developmental POTENTIAL, as countries without a large amount of this(Japan, S.Korea, and Switzerland) are still successful.8
6597482028Formal economyThe legal economy that is taxed and monitored by a government and is included in a government's Gross National Product; as opposed to an informal economy9
6597482029Informal economyEconomic activity that is neither taxed nor monitored by a government; and is not included in that government's Gross National Product; as opposed to a formal economy.10
6597482031Literacy rateThe percentage of a country's people who can read and write. Around 95% in MDC and around 35% in LDC's11
6597482032School life expectancy)the total number of years of schooling (primary to tertiary) that a child can expect to receive, assuming that the probability of his or her being enrolled in school at any particular future age is equal to the current enrollment ratio at that age.12
6597482035Health indicator: life expectancyThe average number of years an infant can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical condition13
6597482038HDIIndicator of level of development for each country, constructed by United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy14
6597482039Gender Development index (GDI)Compares the level of development of women with that of both sexes15
6597482041Self sufficiency modelAlso called the balanced growth approach, This involves spreading investment throughout all regions within a country equally and then encouraging high tariffs and import duties. Was used by most LDC's, China, and India.16
6597482042Rostows' s development modelCreated by Walter Rostrow—Proposed that countries went through 5 stages of growth between agricultural and service-based economies. Assumed that each country had at least some form of comparative advantage that could be utilized in international trade and thus fund the country's economic development overtime., Stage 1: The Traditional Society. Stage 2: Preconditions for take-off. Stage 3: The Take Off. Stage 4: Drive to maturity. Stage 5: Age of Mass Consumption17
6597482043World systems theoryTheory originated by Immanuel Wallerstein and illuminated by his three-tier structure (Core, periphery, semi-periphery), proposing that social change in the developing world is inextricably linked to the economic activities of the developed world.18
6597482044CoreMDC that control global economy. G8 control almost 50% of industries in the world (TNCs)19
6597482045Semi peripheryBetween core and periphery. Characteristics of both. Former countries NITs, BRIC (Brazil, Russia, india, china) and Mexico.20
6597482046PeripheryLDC characteristics. Low products, cheap labor...etc21
6597482047Fair tradetrade in which fair prices are paid to producers in developing countries.22
6597482048Free tradeinternational trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.23
6597482050NGOsA non-governmental organization (NGO) is an organization that is neither a part of a government nor a conventional for-profit business.24
6597482051Transnational CorporationA company that conducts research, operates favtories, and sells products in many countries, not just where it's headquarters or shareholders are located. TNCs help provide jobs in LDC countries to promote growth.25

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