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AP Human Geography: Language Flashcards

Language

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6979908185DialectA particular form of a language that is particular to a specific region or social group.0
6979908186Extinct Languagea language that no longer has any speakers, or that is no longer in current use.1
6979908187IdeogramA written character symbolizing the idea of a thing without indicating the sounds used to say it. An Example: 6 (six)2
6979908188IsoglossA geographic boundary line delimiting the area in which a given linguistic feature occurs.3
6979908189Isolated Languagea natural language with no demonstrable genealogical (or "genetic") relationship with other languages; that is, one that has not been demonstrated to descend from an ancestor common with any other language. i.e A language family with only one language.4
6979908190Language BranchA Subsection of a Language Family. i.e The Romance "-------" of the Indo-European language family.5
6979908191LanguageThe method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way.6
6979908192Language GroupA Collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary.7
6979908193Language FamilyA collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history8
6979908194Indo European language familyLargest language family that includes English and most other languages in the Western Hemisphere. Also used in South and Southwest Asia.9
6979908195Sino-Tibetan Language Family2nd largest language family. Includes Madarin, Thai, Cantonese and Burmese10
6979908196Lingua FrancaA Language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages11
6979908197Literary TraditionA Language that is written as well as spoken12
6979908198MonolingualThe condition of being able to speak only a single language13
6979908199BilingualThe ability to speak two languages14
6979908200MultilingualThe ability to speak multiple languages15
6979908201Official LanguageThe language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents.16
6979908202Pidgin LanguageA Form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages.17
6979908203Standard LanguageThe form of a language used for official government business, education, and mass communications.18
6979908204Trade LanguageA language, especially a pidgin, used by speakers of different native languages for communication in commercial trade.19
6979908205VernacularUsing a language or dialect native to a region or country rather than a literary, cultured, or foreign language. It is usually the language of the common people.20
6979908206Creolea mother tongue formed from the contact of two languages through an earlier pidgin stage21
6979908207DenglishThe term is used in all German-speaking countries to refer to the increasingly strong influx of macaronic (slang) English or pseudo-English vocabulary into German.22
6979908208Franglaisa form of French using many words and idioms borrowed from English.23
6979908209EbonicsAmerican black English regarded as a language in its own right rather than as a dialect of standard English24
6979908210Spanglisha hybrid language combining words and idioms from both Spanish and English, especially Spanish speech that uses many English words and expressions.25
6979908211Institutional LanguageProfessional language (not slang)26
6979908212Developing LanguageLanguage used daily for face-to-face communication, includes a standard written expression, but not used by people all the time27
6979908213Vigorous LanguageLanguage used daily by all ages but doesn't include a written expression28
6979908214SubdialectBroken down version of dialects, usually very close to each other but may differ in pronunciation of local words.29
6979908215Received Pronunciationthe standard form of British English pronunciation, based on educated speech in southern England.30
6979908216Vulgar LatinInformal Latin spoken by common folk (farmers, soldiers, etc.) in classical times31

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