Language: Unit 4
Terms : Hide Images
| 5446238341 | Accent | a diacritical mark used to indicate stress or placed above a vowel to indicate a special pronunciation | 0 | |
| 5446238342 | Dialect | a regional variety of a language, with differences in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation; also a form of a language spoken by members of a particular social class or profession | 1 | |
| 5446238343 | Esperanto | an artificial language based as far as possible on words common to all the European languages | 2 | |
| 5446238344 | Extinct Language | A language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer used. | 3 | |
| 5446238345 | Ideogram | symbol that stands for a concept rather than a word | 4 | |
| 5446238346 | Isolated Language | A language that is unrelated to any other languages and therefore not attached to any language family. | 5 | |
| 5446238347 | Official Language | The language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents. | 6 | |
| 5446238348 | Pidgin Language | A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages. | 7 | |
| 5446238349 | Toponym | place name | 8 | |
| 5446238350 | Vernacular | the everyday speech of the people | 9 | |
| 5446238351 | Creole Language | A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated. | 10 | |
| 5446238352 | Language Branch | A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago. | 11 | |
| 5446238353 | Language | a system of words used in a particular discipline | 12 | |
| 5446238354 | Language Group | a set of languages with a relatively recent common origin and many similar characteristics | 13 | |
| 5446238355 | Language Family | A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history. | 14 | |
| 5446238356 | Lingua Franca | a common language used by speakers of different languages | 15 | |
| 5446238357 | Literary Tradition | A language that is written as well as spoken | 16 | |
| 5446238359 | Orthography | a method of representing the sounds of a language by written or printed symbols | 17 | |
| 5446238360 | Standard Language | The form of a language used for official government business, education, and mass communications. | 18 | |
| 5446238361 | Trade Language | A language used between native speakers of different languages to allow them to communicate so that they can trade with each other. | 19 | |
| 5446238362 | Conquest Theory | the theory that early Proto-Indo-European speakers spread westward on horseback, overpowering earlier inhabitants and beginning the diffusion and differentiation of Indo-European tongues | 20 | |
| 5446238363 | Global Language | language used commonly around the world | 21 | |
| 5446238364 | Backward Reconstruction | the tracking of sound shifts and hardening of consonants backward toward the original language | 22 | |
| 5446238365 | Mutual Intelligibility | The ability of two people to understand each other when speaking. | 23 | |
| 5446238366 | Dialect Chains | a set of contiguous dialects in which the dialects nearest to each other at any place in the chain are most closely related | 24 | |
| 5446238367 | Sound Shift | slight change in a word across languages within a subfamily or through a language family from the present backward toward its origin | 25 | |
| 5446238368 | Proto-Indo-European | a prehistoric unrecorded language that was the ancestor of all Indo-European languages | 26 | |
| 5446238369 | Deep Reconstruction | technique using the vocabulary of an extinct language to re-create the language that preceded it. | 27 | |
| 5446238370 | Nostratic | the core of a pre-Proto-Indo-European language | 28 | |
| 5446238371 | Language Convergence | collapsing of two language into one. | 29 | |
| 5446238372 | Language Divergence | new languages are formed when a language breaks into dialects | 30 | |
| 5446238373 | Renfrew Hypothesis | three areas in and around fertile crescent, gave rise to three language families. | 31 | |
| 5446238374 | Dispersal Hypothesis | says that Indo-European language arose from Proto-Indo-European and spread east through Southwest Asia. | 32 | |
| 5446238375 | Multilingual States | countries in which more than one language is spoken | 33 | |
| 5446238376 | Monolingual States | countries in which only one language is spoken | 34 |
