Human Geography: People, Place, and Culture by JF De Blij, Alexander Murphy, and Erin Fouberg; 8th Edition
Terms : Hide Images
| 775719558 | Absolute Location | Location determined by a frame of reference, usually latitude and longitude | |
| 775719559 | Accessibility | The degree of ease with which it is possible to reach a certain location from other locations. | |
| 775719560 | Activity Space | The space within which daily activity occurs. | |
| 775719561 | Cartography | The art and science of making maps. | |
| 775719562 | Connectivity | The degree of direct linkage between places by transportation and communication | |
| 775719563 | Contagious Diffusion | A form of expansion diffusion where nearly all adjacent individuals are affected | |
| 775719564 | Cultural Barrier | Prevailing cultural attitude rendering certian innovations; ideas or practices unacceptable or unadoptable in that particular culture. | |
| 775719565 | Cultural Diffusion | The expansion and adoption of a cultural element, from its place of origin to a wider area. | |
| 775719566 | Cultural Ecology | The multiple interactions and relationships between a culture and the natural environment. | |
| 775719567 | Cultural Hearth | Heartland, source area, innovation center; place of origin of a major culture. | |
| 775719568 | Cultural Landscape | The visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape. Layers of buildings, forms, and artifacts sequentially imprinted by the activities of various human occupants. | |
| 775719569 | Culture | The sum total of the knowledge, attitudes, and habitual behavior patterns shared and transmitted by the members of a society(music, literature, art, etc.) | |
| 775719570 | Culture Complex | A related set of cultural traits, such as prevailing dress codes and cooking and eating utensils. | |
| 775719571 | Culture Trait | A single element of normal practice in a culture, such as the wearing of a turban. | |
| 775719572 | Distance | Measurement of the physical space between two places | |
| 775719573 | Environmental Determinism | Environment(nature) affects human life(culture) | |
| 775719574 | Epidemic | regional outbreak of a disease | |
| 775719575 | Expansion Diffusion | An innovation/idea develops in a hearth and remains strong there while also spreading outward. | |
| 775719576 | Fieldwork | To answer geographic inquiry by visiting places to observe how people's actions and reactions change those places and how they vary across space | |
| 775719577 | Five Themes | Developed by the Geographic Educational National Implemention Project (GENIP): | |
| 775719578 | Formal Region | Marked by a certain degree of similarity | |
| 775719579 | Functional Region | defined by the particular set of activities or interactions that occurs within it. | |
| 775719580 | Generalized Maps | Information is always generalized on maps. | |
| 775719581 | Geocaching | A hunt for a cache, the GPS coordinates which are placed on the Internet by other geocachers. | |
| 775719582 | Geographic Concept | Ways of seeing the world spatially that are used by geographers in answering research questions. | |
| 775719583 | Geographic Information Systems | Computer technology that lets spatial data be collected and analyzed. | |
| 775719584 | Global Positioning System | Satellite-based system for determining the absolute location of places or geographic features. | |
| 775719585 | Globalization | Set of processes that...without boundaries: • increase interactions • deepen relationships • heighten interdependence Set of outcomes...throughout the world: • unevenly distributed • differently manifested • varying across scales | |
| 775719586 | Hierarchical Diffusion | A pattern in which the main channel of diffusion is some segment of those who are susceptible to/adopting what is being diffused (ex: new shoes) | |
| 775719587 | Human Geography | study of human phenomena; how people make places, organize space and society, interact with another here and across space, and make sense of others and ourselves in our locality, region, and world | |
| 775719588 | Human-Environment | relationship between humans and physical world | |
| 775719589 | Independent Invention | A trait with many cultural hearths that developed independent of each other | |
| 775719590 | Isotherm | Line on a map connecting point of equal temperature values. | |
| 775719591 | Landscape | The overall appearance of an area. Most are comprised of a combination of natural and human-induced influences. | |
| 775719592 | Location | How geographical position of people and things affects what happens and why | |
| 775719593 | Location Theory | an element of contemporary human geography that seeks answers to a variety of questions(where a Target should be built) | |
| 775719594 | Medical Geography | study of health and disease from a geographical perspective; mapping the distribution of a disease to find the cause | |
| 775719595 | Mental Map | maps we carry in our minds | |
| 775719596 | Movement | Mobility of people, goods, and ideas across Earth | |
| 775719597 | Pandemic | worldwide outbreak of a disease | |
| 775719598 | Pattern | design of the spatial distribution; what processes create and sustain it | |
| 775719599 | Perception of Place | belief or understanding about a place from books, movies, pictures, etc. | |
| 775719600 | Perceptual Region | only exists as an idea, not as a physically demarcated entity(different people have different opinions) | |
| 775719601 | Physical Geography | study of physical phenomena on Earth; spatial analysis of the structure, processes, and location of natural phenomena | |
| 775719602 | Place | All have unique human and physical characteristics; geo-graphers study the special character and meaning of places | |
| 775719603 | Political Ecology | The environment/nature is affected by political and socioeconomic contexts | |
| 775719604 | Possibilism | Humans affect culture | |
| 775719605 | Reference Maps | Maps that show the absolute location of places and geographic features | |
| 775719606 | Region | Phenomena aren't evenly distributed, but concentrated; marked by a degree of formal, funtional, or perceptual homogeneity | |
| 775719607 | Relative Location | The regional position or situation of a place relative to the position of other places. | |
| 775719608 | Relocation Diffusion | Actual movement of individuals who have adopted the idea/innovation, and carry it to a new(and maybe distant) locale, where they disseminate it(ex: migration) | |
| 775719609 | Remote Sensing | Collecting data/info(that is almost instantly available) from instruments physically distant from the area or object | |
| 775719610 | Rescale | Involve players at other scales to generate global support for their position. | |
| 775719611 | Sense of Place | Infusing a place with meaning and emotion | |
| 775719612 | Sequent Occupance | Cultural succession and its lasting imprint, contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape. | |
| 775719613 | Spatial | How places and phenomena are laid out, organized, and arranged on Earth; how they appear on the landscape. Used by human and physical geographers | |
| 775719614 | Spatial Distribution | physical location of geographic phenomena across space | |
| 775719615 | Spatial Interaction | how places interact with another | |
| 775719616 | Spatial Perspective | Observing variations in geographic phenomena across space | |
| 775719617 | Stimulus Diffusion | cultural adaptation is created as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place; ideas indirectly promote local experimentation | |
| 775719618 | Thematic Maps | Maps that tell stories, typically showing the degree of some attribute of the movement of a geographic phenomenon. | |
| 775719619 | Time-Distance Decay | The declining degree of acceptance of an idea or innovation with increasing time and distance from its point of origin or source. | |
| 775719620 | AIDS | Acquired immune deficiency syndrome caused by HIV and spread by bodily contact | |
| 775719621 | Arithmetic Population Density | Average population density of country/region (divide total population by # of km/miles) | |
| 775719622 | Census | Periodic and official count of a country's population | |
| 775719623 | Child Mortality Rate | Death of children from ages 1-5 | |
| 775719624 | Chronic Diseases | Afflictions of middle and old age, reflecting higher life expectancies, such as cancer, stroke, tuberculosis, etc. | |
| 775719625 | Crude Birth Rate | # of lives per year per thousand people | |
| 775719626 | Crude Death Rate | # of deaths per year per thousand people | |
| 775719627 | Demographic Transition | Sequence of stages in population growth: 1. Low-growth stage 2. High-growth stage 3. Moderate-growth stage 4. Low-growth/stationary stage | |
| 775719628 | Dot Map | A map that represents population distribution, where one dot equals a certain # of a population | |
| 775719629 | Doubling Time | time required for population to double in size | |
| 775719630 | Eugenic Population Policies | Favors one racial/cultural sector of a population over others | |
| 775719631 | Expansive Population Policies | Encourages large families to raise rate of natural increase | |
| 775719632 | Infant Mortality Rate | Baby's death between birth to 1 year old, per thousand births | |
| 775719633 | Life Expectancy | Average of how long a person is expected to live | |
| 775719634 | Megalopolis | Huge urban agglomerations that coalesce into an enormous megacity | |
| 775719635 | Natural Increase | Difference between # of births and deaths | |
| 775719636 | Physiological Population Density | # of people per unit area of agriculturally productive land | |
| 775719637 | Population Composition | Structure of a population by age, gender, marital status, education, etc. | |
| 775719638 | Population Density | Total population relative to land size, measurement of # of people per unit of land | |
| 775719639 | Population Distribution | descriptions of locations where individuals/groups live | |
| 775719640 | Population Explosion | Rapid growth of population by shorter doubling times and accelerating rates of increase | |
| 775719641 | Population Pyramids | Shows demographic situation by visually displaying % of each age group in a total population by gender. Poor countries look like evergreen tree while rich countries look like lopsided vase. | |
| 775719642 | Restrictive Population Policies | Tolerates officially unapproved birth control, prohibits large families. | |
| 775719643 | Stationary Population Level | Stabilized world population, where major problems involve the old, not young | |
| 775719644 | Activity Spaces | space where daily activity occurs | |
| 775719645 | Asylum | shelter and protection for refugees from another state | |
| 775719646 | Chain Migration | pattern of migration that develops when migrants move along and through kinship links | |
| 775719647 | Colonization | colonizer takes over another place and puts its government in charge. Moves its people in or brings indentured outsiders to control the people and land. | |
| 775719648 | Cyclic Movements | shorter periods away from home | |
| 775719649 | Distance Decay | Greater distance means less interaction | |
| 775719650 | Explorers | a person examining a region that is unknown to them | |
| 775719651 | Forced Migration | human migration flows in which movers have no choice but to relocate | |
| 775719652 | Gravity Model | Predicts interactions between places based on their population size and distance between them | |
| 775719653 | Guest Workers | legal immigrant who has a short term work visa | |
| 775719654 | Immigration Laws | laws and regulations of a state designed specifically to control immigration into that state | |
| 775719655 | Immigration Wave | phenomenon where different patterns of chain migration combine to create a swell in migration from one origin to same destination | |
| 775719656 | Internal Migration | human movement within a nation-state | |
| 775719657 | Internal Refugees | people who have been displaced within their own country | |
| 775719658 | International Migration | human movement across international boundaries | |
| 775719659 | International Refugees | refugees who have crossed at least one international boundary during dislocation, searching for asylum in a different country | |
| 775719660 | Intervening Opportunity | presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away | |
| 775719661 | Islands of Development | place built by government/corporation to attract foreign investment. Has high concentrations of jobs and infrastructure | |
| 775719662 | Kinship Links | push and pull factors that influence a migrant's decision to go where family/friends have already found success | |
| 775719663 | Laws of Migration | Developed by Ernst Ravenstein 1.Every migration flow generates a return/countermigration 2.Majority of migrants move short distances 3.Long distance migrants tend to choose big-city destinations 4.Urban residents are less migratory than rural inhabitants 5.Young adults more likely to move internationally than families | |
| 775719664 | Migrant Labor | millions of workers who cross international borders and become immigrants in search for jobs | |
| 775719665 | Migration | change in residence intended to be permanent | |
| 775719666 | Military Service | Military personnel and families move to new locations to spend tours of duty, up to a few years | |
| 775719667 | Nomadism | movement among a definite set of places; a matter of survival, culture, and tradition. Takes place along same well-known routes to find water, food, and shelter | |
| 775719668 | Periodic Movements | longer periods away from home | |
| 775719669 | Pull Factors | circumstances that effectively attract the migrant to certain locales from other places | |
| 775719670 | Push Factors | conditions and perceptions that help migrant decide to leave | |
| 775719671 | Quotas | limits set by governments on the number of immigrants allowed into a country each year | |
| 775719672 | Refugees | people who have fled their country from political persecution and seek asylum in another country | |
| 775719673 | Remittances | monies migrants send home to family | |
| 775719674 | Selective Immigration | process to control immigration in which individuals with certain backgrounds are barred from immigrating | |
| 775719675 | Step Migration | migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages | |
| 775719676 | Transhumance | seasonal periodic movement of pastoralists and their livestock between highland and lowland pastures | |
| 775719677 | Voluntary Migration | people relocate in response to perceived opportunity; not forced | |
| 775719678 | Assimilate | Process where people lose original differentiating traits when they come contact with another society/culture(Immigrant adaptation to new place) | |
| 775719679 | Authenticity | Accuracy where a stereotypical/typecast image or experience conveys a dynamic and complex local culture or its customs | |
| 775719680 | Commodification | Process in which something that was previously not regarded as merchandise becomes able to be bought, sold, and traded in the world market | |
| 775719681 | Cultural Appropriation | Process where other cultures adopt customs and knowledge and use them for their own benefit | |
| 775719682 | Cultural Landscape | Visible imprint of human activity on the landscape | |
| 775719683 | Culture | Group of belief systems, norms, and values practiced by a people | |
| 775719684 | Custom | A practice that a group of people routinely follow | |
| 775719685 | Diffusion Routes | Spatial trajectory through which cultural traits/phenomena spread | |
| 775719686 | Distance Decay | Effects of distance on interaction; the greater the distance the less interaction | |
| 775719687 | Ethnic Neighborhood | A neighborhood in a major city where a local culture can practice its customs | |
| 775719688 | Folk Culture | Small, incorporates a homogeneous population, typically rural, and cohesive in cultural traits | |
| 775719689 | Folk-Housing Regions | Region where housing stock reflects architecture particular to the place's original culture | |
| 775719690 | Global-Local Continuum | What happens at one scale is not independent of what happens at other scales | |
| 775719691 | Glocalization | People in a local place mediated and alter regional, national, and global processes | |
| 775719692 | Hearth | Origin of an idea/cultural trait | |
| 775719693 | Hierarchical Diffusion | idea/innovation spreads fastest among most connected places/people | |
| 775719694 | Local Culture | group of people in a particular place who see themselves as a collective/community, sharing and preserving experiences, customs, and traits to stay unique and distinguished | |
| 775719695 | Material Culture | things a group of people construct(art, clothing, food, etc.) | |
| 775719696 | Neolocalism | Seeking out the regional culture and reinvigorating it in response to the uncertainty of the world | |
| 775719697 | Nonmaterial Culture | Beliefs, practices, aesthetics, and values of a group of people | |
| 775719698 | Placelessness | Loss of uniqueness of place in the cultural landscape; one place looks like the next | |
| 775719699 | Popular Culture | Large, ubiquitous, incorporates heterogeneous populations, typically urban, and experiences quickly changing cultural traits | |
| 775719700 | Reterritorialization | When a place produces an aspect of popular culture in the context of their local culture and making it their own | |
| 775719701 | Time-Space Compression | How fast innovations diffuse depends on how interlinked two places are through transportation and communication | |
| 775719702 | Barrioization | increase in Hispanic population in a given neighborhood | |
| 775719703 | Dowry Deaths | disputes over the price to be paid by the bride's family to the groom's father, resulting in death | |
| 775719704 | Ethnicity | identity within a group bound by common ancestry and culture | |
| 775719705 | Gender | a culture's assumptions about the social differences between men and women | |
| 775719706 | Gendered | places designed for women or men | |
| 775719707 | Identifying against | constructing an identity by first defining the "other" and then defining ourselves as "not the other" | |
| 775719708 | Identity | how we make sense of ourselves; how people see themselves at different scales | |
| 775719709 | Invasion and Succession | new immigrants to a city often move to areas occupied by older immigrant groups | |
| 775719710 | Place | particular articulations of those social relations as they come together in that certain location | |
| 775719711 | Queer Theory | contextual nature of opposition to the heteronormative and focuses on the political engagement of queers with the heteronormative | |
| 775719712 | Race | social and political constructions; categorization of humans based on skin color and other physical characteristics | |
| 775719713 | Racism | differences in socioeconomic classes started the concept of superiority of race | |
| 775719714 | Residential Segregation | degree to which two or more groups live separately from one another, in different parts of the urban environment | |
| 775719715 | Sense of Place | infusing a place with meaning and feeling; fluid | |
| 775719716 | Space | social relations stretched out |
