Vocabulary flashcards from chapter 6 on religion
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| 5550826578 | Religion | a system of beliefs and practices that attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities. It is a dynamic culture trait. |  | 0 |
| 5550826579 | Secularism | the idea that ethical and moral standards should be formulated and adhered to for life on Earth, not to accommodate the prescriptions of deity and promise of a comfortable afterlife. | 1 | |
| 5550867564 | Secular | About one-sixth of the world's population is indifferent to or rejects religion. | 2 | |
| 5550826580 | Monotheistic Religion | belief system in which one supreme being is revered as creator and arbiter of all that exists in the universe |  | 3 |
| 5550826581 | Polytheistic Religion | belief system in which multiple deities are revered as creators and arbiters of all that exists in the universe |  | 4 |
| 5550826582 | Animistic Religion | the belief that inanimate objects, such as hills, trees, rocks, rivers, and other elements of the natural landscape, possess souls and can help or hinder human efforts on Earth | 5 | |
| 5550826583 | Universalizing Religion | a belief system that espouses the idea that there is one true religion that is universal in scope. Adherents of universalizing religious systems often believe that their religion represents universal truths, and in some cases great effort is undertake in evangelism and missionary work. | 6 | |
| 5550826584 | Ethnic Religion | a religion that is particular to one, culturally distinct, group of people. Do not try to invite new followers. | 7 | |
| 5550838741 | Tribal Religion | specific to one particular group of people and is usually practiced in a highly localized region. Often such religions celebrate spirits found in living and none living things, believe in and worship nature, and are very small in scale and isolated. Ex: individual Native American group of people, Australia (aboriginal religions). | 8 | |
| 5550826585 | Hinduism | one of the oldest religions in the modern world, dating back over 4000 years. It does not have a single founder, a single theology, or agreement on its origins. Does not have a central authority or single book. 70% worship Vishnu (loving God) and 25% worship Shiva (protective and destructive God) |  | 9 |
| 5550826586 | Caste System | the strict social segregation of people—specifically in India's Hindu society—on the basis of ancestry and occupation | 10 | |
| 5550826587 | Buddhism | religion founded in the sixth century BCE and characterized by the belief that enlightenment would come through knowledge, especially self-knowledge; elimination of greed, craving, and desire. Does not require exclusive adherence. |  | 11 |
| 5551108012 | Four Nobel Truths | 1. All living beings must endure suffering. 2. Suffering, which is caused by a desire to, leads to reincarnation. 3. The goal of all existence is to escape from suffering and the endless cycle of reincarnation into Nirvana, which is achieved through mental and moral self-purification. 4. Nirvana is attained through an Eightfold Path, which includes rightness of belief, resolve, speech, action, livelihood, effort, thought, and meditation. | 12 | |
| 5551087661 | Three main branches of Buddhism | - Mahayana - 56% of Buddhist, Japan, China, Korea - Theravada - 38% of Buddhist, Southeast Asia - Tantrayana - 6% of Buddhist, Tibet, Mongolia | 13 | |
| 5550826588 | Shintoism | - distinctive ethnic religion in Japan -Consider forces of nature to be divine, especially the sun and moon, as well as rivers, trees, rocks, mountains, and animals. - Deceased emperors and other ancestors became more important deities for Shintoists than natural features. | 14 | |
| 5550826589 | Taoism | religion believed to have been founded by Lao-Tsu and based upon his book entitled "Tao-te-ching," or "Book of the Way." Lao-Tsu focused on the proper form of political rule and on the oneness of humanity and nature. |  | 15 |
| 5550826590 | Confucianism | a philosophy of ethics, education, and public service based on the writings of Confucius and traditionally thought of as one of the core elements of Chinese culture. |  | 16 |
| 5550826591 | Judaism | religion with its roots in the teachings of Abraham (from Ur), who is credit with uniting his people to worship only one God. According to Jewish teaching, Abraham and God have a covenant in which the Jews agree to worship only one God, and God agrees to protect his chosen people, the Jews. Uses the Torah. |  | 17 |
| 5550826592 | Diaspora | from the Greek "to disperse," a term describing forceful or voluntary dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place. Originally denoting the dispersal of Jews. Relocation diffusion. |  | 18 |
| 5550826593 | Zionism | the movement to unite the Jewish people of the diaspora and to establish a national homeland for them in the promised land |  | 19 |
| 5551170340 | Judaism Today | - 6 million Jews live in the United States, 4 million in Israel - In the United States Jews are located in large cities including 1/3 in New York - Majority in Israel, first time since biblical era an independent state has had a Jewish majority. | 20 | |
| 5551184888 | Sects of Judaism | Orthodox, Conservative, and Reformed | 21 | |
| 5550826594 | Christianity | religion based on the teachings of Jesus. According to Christian teaching, Jesus is the son of God, placed on Earth to teach people how to live according to God's plan. |  | 22 |
| 5550826595 | Eastern Orthodox Church (eoc) | - one of the three major branches of Christianity. - a collection of 14 self-governing churches in Eastern Europe and the Middle East - 40% belong to the Russian Orthodox |  | 23 |
| 5550826596 | Roman Catholic Church (rcc) | - one of the three major branches of Christianity. - About 25% of North America - Compromises 95% of Christians in Latin America |  | 24 |
| 5553065378 | How did Christianity spread? | 1st through relocation diffusion (Palestine was the hearth). Now spreading rapidly through contagious diffusion. Some hierarchical diffusion. | 25 | |
| 5550826598 | Islam | the youngest of the major world religions, Islam is based on the teachings of Muhammad, born in Mecca in 571 CE. According to the teaching, Muhammad received the truth directly from Allah in a series of revelations during which Muhammad spoke the verses of the Qu'ran (Koran), the Islamic holy book. Relocation diffusion. Practice at Mosque. |  | 26 |
| 5553092058 | Islamic Holy Cities | Mecca and Medina | 27 | |
| 5550826597 | Protestant | - one of three major branches of Christianity - About 40% of North America. |  | 28 |
| 5551019006 | What are the largest Protestant Denominations? | Baptist, Methodist, Pentecostal, Lutheran, Latter-Day Saints, Churches of Christ | 29 | |
| 5550826599 | Sunnis | - Adherents to the largest branch of Islam (83%) | 30 | |
| 5550826600 | Shiites | - adherents of one of the two main divisions of Islam (16%) - 40% live in Iran and 15% live in Pakistan - 90% of Iran's population | 31 | |
| 5551064139 | Five Pillars of Islam | 1. There is no god worthy of worship except the one God, the source of all creation, and Muhammad is the messenger of God. 2. Five times daily, a Muslim prays, facing the city of Mecca, as a direct link to God. 3. A Muslim gives generously to charity, as an act of purification and growth. 4. A Muslim fasts during the month of Ramadan, as an act of self-purification 5. If physically and financially able, a Muslim makes a pilgrimage to Mecca | 32 | |
| 5551076091 | What is Islam like in today? | - Increased rapidly in recent years, mostly through immigration. - France has the largest Muslim population - colonies of North Africa - Nation of Islam founded in Detroit in 1930's (concentration - Dearborn, Michigan) | 33 | |
| 5550826601 | Indigenous Religions | belief systems and philosophies practiced and traditionally passed from generation to generation among peoples within a ... tribe or group | 34 | |
| 5550826602 | Pilgrimage | voluntary travel by an adherent to a sacred site to pay respects or participate in a ritual at the site |  | 35 |
| 5550826603 | Sacred Sites | place or space people infuse with religious meaning | 36 | |
| 5550826604 | Minarets | tower attached to a Muslim mosque, having one or more projecting balconies from which a crier call Muslims to prayer |  | 37 |
| 5550826605 | Hajj | the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, the birthplace of Muhammad |  | 38 |
| 5550826606 | Interfaith Boundaries | boundaries between the world's major faiths | 39 | |
| 5550826607 | Intrafaith Boundaries | boundaries within a single major faith | 40 | |
| 5550826608 | Ethnic Cleansing | the systematic killing or extermination of an entire people or nation | 41 | |
| 5550826609 | Activity Space | the space within which daily activity occurs | 42 | |
| 5550826610 | Religious Fundamentalism | religious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of the faith and to influence state policy | 43 | |
| 5550826611 | Religious Extremism | religious fundamentalism carried to the point of violence | 44 | |
| 5550826612 | Shari'a Laws | The system of Islamic law, sometimes called Quranic law. Unlike most western systems of law that are based on legal precedence, sharia is based on varying degrees of interpretation of the Quran. | 45 | |
| 5550826613 | Jihad | a doctrine within Islam. Commonly translated as "Holy War," Jihad represents either a personal or collective struggle on the part of Muslims to live up to the religious standards set by the Qu'ran | 46 | |
| 5550898852 | What is the fastest growing religion in the US? | the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Mormons) The Mormon church grew by about 19 percent to 4.2 million members. | 47 | |
| 5550905726 | What is the most widespread religious group in the US? | United Methodists who are present in 96 percent of the counties in the US | 48 | |
| 5550911170 | What is the largest Christian denomination in the US? | Roman Catholics are the largest denomination in the country growing 16 percent to 62 million. More Catholics now live in the West than in the traditionally Catholic Midwest. The Catholic population in the South grew faster than in the North. | 49 | |
| 5550927372 | What is the largest Protestant group in the US? | The evangelical Southern Baptist Convention grew by only 4.9 percent during the last decade but remained the nation's largest Protestant group with nearly 20 million members. | 50 |
