Vocabulary flashcards from chapter 6 on religion
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| 4938295011 | Religion | A system of beliefs and practices that attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities. | 0 | |
| 4938295012 | Secularism | The idea that ethical and moral standards should be formulated and adhered to for life on Earth, not to accommodate the prescriptions of deity and promise of a comfortable afterlife. | 1 | |
| 4938295013 | Monotheistic Religion | The doctrine of a belief in the existence of only one God | 2 | |
| 4938295014 | Polytheistic Religion | Belief system in which multiple deities are revered as creators and arbiters of all that exists in the universe | 3 | |
| 4938295015 | Animistic Religion | The belief that inanimate objects, such as hills, trees, rocks, rivers, and other elements of the natural landscape, possess souls and can help or hinder human efforts on Earth | 4 | |
| 4938295016 | Universalizing Religion | A religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location. | 5 | |
| 4938295017 | Ethnic Religion | A religion that is particular to one, culturally distinct, group of people. | 6 | |
| 4938295018 | Hinduism | One of the oldest religions in the modern world, dating back over 4000 years, and originating in the Indus River Valley of what is today part of Pakistan... is unique among the world's religions in that it does not have a single founder, a single theology, or agreement on its origins. | 7 | |
| 4938295019 | Caste | A distinc hereditery order into which a Hindu is assigned, according to religious law. This rigid social class system determined a persons job, education, and marriage. | 8 | |
| 4938295020 | Buddhism | Religion founded in the sixth century BCE and characterized by the belief that enlightenment would come through knowledge, especially self-knowledge; elimination of greed, craving, and desire; complete honesty; and never hurting another person or animal. | 9 | |
| 4938295021 | Shintoism | An ancient, indigenous religion native to Japan, characterized by veneration of nature spirits and ancestors and by a lack of formal dogma. | 10 | |
| 4938295022 | Taoism | Religion believed to have been founded by Lao-Tsu and based upon his book entitled "Tao-te-ching," or "Book of the Way." Lao-Tsu focused on the proper form of political rule and on the oneness of humanity and nature. | 11 | |
| 4938295023 | Confucianism | A philosophy of ethics, education, and public service based on the writings of Confucius and traditionally thought of as one of the core elements of Chinese culture. | 12 | |
| 4938295024 | Judaism | A religion with its roots in the teachings of Abraham (from Ur), who is credit with uniting his people to worship only one God. According to Jewish teaching, Abraham and God have a covenant in which the Jews agree to worship only one God, and God agrees to protect his chosen people, the Jews. | 13 | |
| 4938295025 | Diaspora | From the Greek "to disperse," a term describing forceful or voluntary dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place. | 14 | |
| 4938295026 | Zionism | The movement to unite the Jewish people of the diaspora and to establish a national homeland for them in the promised land | 15 | |
| 4938295027 | Christianity | Religion based on the teachings of Jesus. According to Christian teaching, Jesus is the son of God, placed on Earth to teach people how to live according to God's plan | 16 | |
| 4938295028 | Eastern Orthodox Church (eoc) | One of the three major branches of Christianity. After the Great Schism, the Byzantine church became known as EOC Christian followers in the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire); split from Roman Catholic Church and shaped life in eastern Europe and western Asia | 17 | |
| 4938295029 | Roman Catholic Church (rcc) | One of the three major branches of Christianity, the RCC, together with the Eastern Orthodox Church, a second of the three major branches of Christianity, arose out of the division of the Roman Empire The Roman Catholic Church established in western Europe during the Roman Empire and the Middle Ages with its head being the bishop of Rome or pope. | 18 | |
| 4938295030 | Protestant | One of three major branches of Christianity (together with the EOC and the RCC). Following the widespread societal changes in Europe starting in the 1300s CE, many adherents to the RCC began to question the role of religion in their lives and opened the door to the Protestant Reformation wherein John Huss, Martin Luther, John Calvin, and others challenged many of the fundamental teachings of the RCC. | 19 | |
| 4938295031 | Islam | The youngest of the major world religions, this religions is based on the teachings of Muhammad, born in Mecca in 571 CE. According to the teaching, Muhammad received the truth directly from Allah in a series of revelations. | 20 | |
| 4938295032 | Sunnis | Adherents to the largest branch of Islam, Muslims belonging to this branch believe that the community should select its own leadership. The majority religion in most Islamic countries. | 21 | |
| 4938295033 | Shiites | A small minority of the world's Muslims, but the majority in Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, and the Palestinian territories. They believe that only descendants of Ali can be caliphs. | 22 | |
| 4938295034 | Indigenous Religions | Belief systems and philosophies practiced and traditionally passed from generation to generation among peoples within a tribe or group | 23 | |
| 4938295035 | Pilgrimage | voluntary travel by an adherent to a sacred site to pay respects or participate in a ritual at the site | 24 | |
| 4938295036 | Sacred Sites | place or space people infuse with religious meaning | 25 | |
| 4938295037 | Minarets | Tower attached to a Muslim mosque, having one or more projecting balconies from which a muezzin call Muslims to prayer | 26 | |
| 4938295038 | Hajj | the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, the birthplace of Muhammad | 27 | |
| 4938295039 | Religious Fundamentalism | Religious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of the faith and to influence state policy | 28 | |
| 4938295040 | Religious Extremism | religious fundamentalism carried to the point of violence | 29 | |
| 4938295041 | Shari'a Laws | The system of Islamic law, sometimes called Quranic law. Sharia is based on varying degrees of interpretation of the Quran. | 30 | |
| 4938295042 | Jihad | A doctrine within Islam. Commonly translated as "Holy War," Jihad represents either a personal or collective struggle on the part of Muslims to live up to the religious standards set by the Qu'ran | 31 | |
| 4938295043 | Agnosticism | A belief that the existence of God cannot be known or proven. | 32 | |
| 4938295044 | Sect | A relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination. | 33 | |
| 4938295045 | Atheism | Belief that God does not exist. | 34 | |
| 4938295046 | Autonomous religion | A religion that does not have a central authority but shares ideas and cooperates informally. | 35 | |
| 4938295047 | Branch | A large and fundamental division within a religion | 36 | |
| 4938295048 | Denomination | A division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations in a single legal and administrative body. | 37 | |
| 4938295049 | Fundamentalism | Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion (or a religious branch, denomination, or sect). | 38 | |
| 4938295050 | Ghetto | During the middle Ages, a neighborhood in a city set up by law to be inhabited only by Jews; now used to denote a section of a city in which members of any minority group live because of social, legal, or economic pressure. | 39 | |
| 4938295051 | Hierarchical religion | A religion in which a central authority exercises a high degree of control. | 40 | |
| 4938295052 | Missionary | An individual who helps to diffuse a universalizing religion. | 41 | |
| 4938295053 | Pagan | A follower of a polytheistic religion in ancient times. | 42 | |
| 4938295054 | Solstice | Astronomical event that happens twice each year, when the tilt of Earth's axis is most inclined toward or away from the Sun, causing the Sun's apparent position in the sky to reach it most northernmost or southernmost extreme, and resulting in the shortest and longest days of the year. | 43 | |
| 4938295055 | Koran, qur'an | Arabic for "recitation," this is the holy book of the Muslim faith, written by Muhammad, and containing all of the writings that Muhammad claimed he was told by the archangel Gabriel under God's direction. | 44 | |
| 4938295056 | Cosmogony | A set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe | 45 |
