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AP Human Geography - Unit 1 Flashcards

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9682312513Human Geographya branch of geography that focuses on the study of patterns and processes that shape human interaction with the built environment, with particular reference to the causes and consequences of the spatial distribution of human activity on the Earth's surface0
9682312514GlobalizationThe act of becoming global. The spread of information, ideas, etc from one place in the world to another.1
9682312515Spatial Perspectiveobserving variations in geographic phenomena across space2
9682312516LocationThe position of anything on Earth's surface.3
9682312517Absolute LocationCoordinates, Address, Etc.4
9682312518Relative LocationLocation of a place in relation to another place or landmark. (LANDMARK)5
9682312519SiteThe exact location's physical spot. (think construction)6
9682312520SituationThe areas around the location which contribute to the sense of the place.7
9682312521Human-Environment InteractionsHow people interact/change the place/location.8
9682312522PlaceA specific point on Earth distinguished by particular characteristics. Uniqueness of the point.9
9682312523Sense of PlaceWhat makes a place unique10
9682312524Perception of Placebelief or "understanding" about a place developed through books, movies, stories or pictures11
9682312525Movementthe change from one location to another12
9682312526Landscapethe overall appearance of an area. Most are comprised of a combination of natural and human-induced influences.13
9682312527Cultural LandscapeHow a culture affects the landscape of an area/shapes the world around it.14
9682312528DistortionInaccuracies in a map due to the translation of a 3D image to a 2D surface.15
9682312529Equal-area projection mapsShapes and directions are distorted but land area is kept in tact. (Peters)16
9682312530Conformal MapsMaps that distort area but keep shapes intact (Mercator)17
9682312531ScaleThe scope Generally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole, specifically the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth's surface. (Scope of view.)18
9682312532Cylindrical Projection MapsSurface of a globe projected as if on a cylinder. Most distortion at the poles, least at the equator. (Shows Accurate Direction)19
9682312533Conic Projection MapMap projected onto the surface of a cone whose point is usually above one of the poles. (Keeps distance, loses direction)20
9682312534Oval Projection MapsUsed for world maps (16th and 17th century). Neither conformal or equal area. Usually a little distortion everywhere. (Combination of Cylindrical and Conic)21
9682312535Reference MapsUsed for transportation and locating places.22
9682312536Thematic MapsUsed to display data about a location.23
9682312537CartogramsShows data in relation to size24
9682312538Choropleth MapsShows data in relation to color/intensity/shade25
9682312539Dot MapsEach dot represents an amount of data. More dots = more of the variable26
9682312540Isoline MapMap that uses continuous lines connecting areas of same value. (Topographic Maps do this)27
9682312541Parallels/LatitudeLines measuring location on earth that wrap around, don't touch.28
9682312542Meridians/LongitudeLines measuring location and time zones (1 hr each 15 degrees) on earth that wrap around and touch at the poles.29
9682312543EquatorThe longest line of latitude at 0 degrees and has a constant amount of sun exposure.30
9682312544North and South PolesThe locations on the earth which receive the least amount of sun during the winter.31
9682312545Prime MeridianRuns through Greenwich, England. 0 longitude. Could have been placed anywhere in the world, but was placed there.32
9682312546International Date LineAn arc that for the most part follows 180° longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. When you cross it heading east (toward America), the clock moves back 24 hours, or one entire day. When you go west (toward Asia), the calendar moves ahead one day.33
9682312547Mental MapsImage or picture of the way space is organized as determined by an individual's perception, impression, and knowledge of that space34
9682312548Global Positioning SystemTells you where you are on the earth.35
9682312549Remote SensingCollecting data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet.36
9682312550Geographic Information SystemsOrganizes, stores, analyzes, and displays geographic data. Each layer of information is a thematic layer.37
9682312551RegionsAn area or division, especially part of a country or the world having definable characteristics but not always fixed boundaries.38
9682312552Formal RegionFormally recognized areas determined by a governing body. Sometimes called Uniform Region.39
9682312553Functional/nodel regionA region around a central node tied by transportation and communication or by economic or functional associations40
9682312554Perceptual/vernacular regionA place believed to exist as a part of cultural identity. (The South, The North, The Deep South)41
9682312555CultureComprised of shared practices, technologies, attitudes, and behaviors transmitted by a society.42
9682312556Cultural TraitThe specific customs that are part of the everyday life of a particular culture, such as language, religion, ethnicity, social institutions, and aspects of popular culture.43
9682312557DiffusionThe spread of things or ideas from one place (a hearth) to another.44
9682312558Cultural DiffusionThe spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.45
9682312559distance decayThe idea that the further something is away/more inconvenient it is, the less frequent/intense interaction with it will be.46
9682312560Cultural BarriersPrevailing cultural attitude rendering certain innovations, ideas or practices unacceptable or unadoptable in that particular culture47
9682312561Expansion DiffusionWhen the idea/thing being spread continues to exist in it's original location as well as spreading to new locations.48
9682312562Contagious/Viral DiffusionThe spread of a disease, an innovation, or cultural traits through direct contact with another person or another place.49
9682312563Hierarchical Diffusionthe spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places50
9682312564Stimulus DiffusionA form of diffusion in which a cultural adaptation is created as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place51
9682312565Relocation DiffusionDiffusion from one place to another where the idea does not stay in the origin and moves with the people.52
9682312566Distributionthe frequency or occurrence of something53
9682312567DensityThe amount of something in a given space.54
9682312568ConcentrationThe spread of something over a given area.55
9682312569Patterna consistent or characteristic arrangement56
9682312570Enviornmental DeterminismThe belief that physical environment determines potential for societal development.57
9682312571PossibilismThe theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives.58
9682312572Cultural EcologyGeographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships.59

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