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AP Human Geography - Unit 3 Migration Key Terms

Comprehensive list for APHG from Rubenstein and Fouberg.

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232794887RemittancesMoney immigrants send back to family and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many poorer countries.
232794888Cyclic movementOr circulation - for example, nomadic migration - that has closed route and is repeated annually or seasonally; e.g., activity (action) space - space within which daily activity occurs; commuting, seasonal, nomadism.
232794889Activity SpaceThe space within which daily activities occur.
232794890NomadismMovements among a definite set of places - often cyclic movement. Often a way of life, forced by a scarcity of resources, in which groups of people continually migrate to find pastures and water.
232794891Periodic movementsMovement - for example, college attendance or military service - that involves temporary, recurrent relocation.
232794892Migrant LaborA common type of periodic movement involving millions of workers in the United States and tens of millions of workers worldwide who cross international borders in search of employment and become immigrants.
232794893TranshumanceA seasonal periodic movement of pastoralists and their livestock between highland and lowland pastures.
232794894Military serviceA common form of periodic movement - in the USA involves as many as 10 million citizens in a given year, - military personnel and families are moved to new locations where they will spend tours of duty lasting up to several years.
232794895MigrationA change in residence intended to be permanent.
232794896International MigrationHuman movement involving movement across international boundaries.
232794897Internal migrationHuman movement within a nation-state, such as ongoing westward and southward movements in the United States.
232794898Forced migrationHuman migration flows which the movers have no choice but to relocate.
232794899Voluntary migrationMovement in which people relocate in response to perceived opportunity, not because they are forced to move
232794900Laws of migrationDeveloped by British demographer Ernst Ravenstein, five laws that predict the flow of migrants.
232794901Gravity modelA mathematical prediction of the interaction of places: the interaction being a function of (1) population size of the respective places and (2) the distance between them.
232794902Push factorsNegative conditions and perceptions that induce people to leave their abode and migrate to a new locale.
232794903Pull factorsPositive conditions and perceptions that effectively attract people to new locales from the other areas.
232794904Distance decayThe effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater the distance the less the interaction.
232794905Step migrationMigration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for example, from farm to a nearby village and later to town or city.
232794906Intervening opportunityThe presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminshes that attractiveness of sites farther away.
232794907Kinship linksTypes of push factors or pull factors that influence a migrant's decision to go where family or friends have already found success.
232794908Chain migrationPattern of migration that develops when migrants move along the through kinship links i.e. one migrant settles in a place and then writes, calls, or communicates through others to describe this place to family and friends who in turn then migrate there.
232794909Immigration wavePhenomenon whereby different patterns of chain migration build upon one another to create a swell in migration from one origin to the same destination.
232794910ExplorersA person who is examining a region that is unknown to them.
232794911ColonizationPhysical process whereby the colonizer/ colonizing country takes over another place, putting their own government in charge. Either move colonizer's own people or bring in outsiders to gain control of the newly colonized people and the land.
232794912Islands of DevelopmentPlace built up by a government or corporation to attract foreign investment and which has relatively high concentrations of paying jobs and infrastructure.
232794913Guest workersLegal immigrant who has a work visa, usually, short term, to work.
232794914Internal refugeesPeople who have been displaced within their own country, and do not cross international borders as they flee; also known as internally displaced persons.
232794915International refugeesRefugees who have crossed one or more international boundaries during their dislocation, searching for asylum in a different country.
232794916AsylumShelter and protection in one state for refugees from another state.
232794917Immigration lawsLaws and regulations of a state designed specifically to control immigration into that state.
232794918Selective immigrationProcess to control immigration in which individuals with certain backgrounds (i.e. criminal records, poor health, or subversive activities) are barred from immigrating, and those with needed skills are encouraged to immigrate.
232794919QuotasEstablished limits by governments on the number of immigrants who can enter a country each year.
232794920RefugeesPeople who have fled their country because of political persecution and seek asylum in another country.
232794921GenocideDeliberate and systematic killing of a racial or cultural group.
232794922RepatriationA refugee or group of refugees returning to their home country, usually with the assistance of government or a non-governmental organization.
232794923Brain drainDepletion or loss of intellectual, technical and skilled personnel who move away from their home in search of better opportunities.
232794924ImmigrationMigration into a place (especially migration to a country of which one is not a native in order to settle there).
232794925MobiltyThe freedom to move from place to place.
232794926Counter-urbanizationNet migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries.
232794927inter-regional migrationPermanent movement from one region of a country to another.
232794928Intra-regional migrationPermanent movement within one region of a country.
232794929migration transitionChange in the migration pattern in a society that results from industrialization, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition.
232794930EmigrationMigration from a place (especially migration from your native country in order to settle in another)
233333081DiasporaThe dispersion or spreading of something that was originally localized (as a people or language or culture), the scattering of people who have a common background or beliefs from their homeland.

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