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AP Human Geography Unit III: Part 2.2 (Language) Flashcards

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7694422185accentA way of pronouncing words that indicates the place of origin or social background of the speaker.0
7694422186BangladeshBengali is the principal language of1
7694422187bilingualismthe ability to communicate in two languages2
7694422188British Received Pronunciation (BRP)The dialect of England associated with upper class Britons living in the London area and now considered standard in the UK.3
7694422189Convergence (of languages)collapsing of two languages into one resulting from the consistent spatial interaction of peoples with different languages4
7694422190creole/creolizationA language that results from the mixing of the colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated.5
7694422191cultural transmissionthe process by which one generation passes culture to the next6
7694422192DenglishA term used for the diffusion of English words into German7
7694422193dialectA regional variation of a language in vocabulary and pronunciation.8
7694422194divergence (of languages)when a language breaks into dialects due to a lack of spatial interaction among speakers of a language, and continued isolation causes new languages to be formed9
7694422195ebonicsdialect spoken by some African Americans10
7694422196extinct languageA language once used by people in daily activites but is no longer used.11
7694422197FranglaisA term used by French for English words that have entered the French language.12
7694422198ideogramSystem of writing used in China and other East Asian countries in which each symbol represents an idea or concept rather than a sound, as is the case for English.13
7694422199IranFarsi is the principal language of14
7694422200isoglossA boundary that seperates regions in which different language uses predominate15
7694422201isolated languageLanguage that is unrelated to any other languages and therefore not attached to any family16
7694422202isolationthe Icelandic language has changed less than any other Germanic language because of17
7694422203IsraelHebrew is the most important language in18
7694422204languageA system of communication through the use of speech, collection of sounds and understood by a group of people to have the same meaning.19
7694422205language branchA collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago. Differences are not as extensive or as old as with language families, and archaeological evidence can confirm that the branches derived from the same family.20
7694422206language familyA collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history.21
7694422207language groupA collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary.22
7694422208language replacement (extinction)obliteration of an entire culture through war, disease, assimilation, or any combination of the three23
7694422209lingua francaA language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages.24
7694422210linguistic fragmentationa condition in which many languages are spoken, each by a relatively small number of people25
7694422211linguistic geographythe study of speech areas and their local variations by mapping word choices, pronunciations, or grammatical constructions26
7694422212literary traditiona language that is written as well as spoken27
7694422213Mandarinthe language with the largest # of native speakers is28
7694422214monolingual statecountry in which only one language is primarily spoken (e.g., Portugal, Japan, Venezuela, Poland, ...)29
7694422215multilingualismthe ability to communicate in more than two languages30
7694422216official languageA language adopted for use by the government for conduct of business and publication of documents.31
7694422217PakistanUrdu is the most important language in32
7694422218pidgin languageA form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocab of a Lingua Franca, used for communications among speakers of different languages.33
7694422219pre-literate societiescultures without any written language (most of the more than 6,000 world language are unwritten)34
7694422220QuebecThe principal concentration of French-speaking North Americans is in35
7694422221revived languagea language that dissolved (extinct) and was subsequently resurrected36
7694422222sound shiftslight change in a word across related languages from the present backward toward its origin37
7694422223SpanglishA combination of english and spanish.38
7694422224standard languageA form of a language used for official government business, education and mass communications.39
7694422225sub-familygroup of languages with more commonality than a language family (indicates they have branched off more recently in history)40
7694422226toponymythe study of place names41
7694422227vocabular, spelling, pronunciation, speeddialects are local variants in language that differ in their42
7694422228Vulgar LatinA form of Latin used in daily conversation by ancient Romans, as opposed to the standard dialect, which was used for official documents43
7694422229West GermanicEnglish is part of the _____________ language group44

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