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6625612098Bid-Rent Theorygeographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand on real estate changes as the distance towards the Central Business District (CBD) increases.0
6625615168BlockbustingIllegal practice of inducing homeowners to sell their properties by telling them that a certain people of a certain race, national origin or religion are moving into the area1
6625626302Break-of-Bulka location along a transport route where goods must be transferred from one carrier to another.2
6625629970Central Business DistrictThe downtown or nucleus of a city where retail stores, offices, and cultural activities are concentrated; building densities are usually quite high; and transportation systems converge.3
6625632846Central CityThe urban area that is not suburban; generally, the older or original city that is surrounded by newer suburbs.4
6625637986CentralityThe strength of an urban center in its capacity to attract producers and consumers to its facilities; a city's "reach" into the surrounding region.5
6625642166Central-Place Theorya theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther6
6625646864CityAn urban settlement that has been legally incorporated into an independent, self-governing unit.7
6625648368Computer Zone8
6625650489CongestionAn overcrowding; a clogging9
6625656106DecentralizationIn urban geography, forces that draw people and businesses out of the central city, often into suburbs. In political geography, a process whereby a state transfers functions or authority from the central government to lower-level internal subdivisions.10
6625661579Deindustrializationprocess by which companies move industrial jobs to other regions with cheaper labor, leaving the newly deindustrialized region to switch to a service economy and to work through a period of high unemployment11
6625667168Disamenity SectorThe very poorest parts of cities that in extreme cases are not even connected to regular city services and are controlled by gangs or drug lords.12
6625670839Edge CityCities that are located on the outskirts of larger cities nd serve many of the same functions of urban areas, but in sprawling, decentralized suburban environment.13
6625673378Emerging CitiesCity currently without much population but increasing in size at a fast rate14
6625685061Employment Structurehow the workforce is divided up between the three main employment sectors - primary, secondary, and tertiary15
6625688117Ethnic neighborhoodAn area within a city containing members of the same ethnic background.16
6625690666Favelaa slum community in a Brazilian city17
6625694582First Urban RevolutionThe innovation of the city that occurred separately in five different hearths. People became engaged in economic activities beyond agriculture, including crafts, the military, trade, and government.18
6625701447Formal EconomyThe legal economy that is taxed and monitored by a government and is included in a government's Gross National Product; as opposed to an informal economy19
6625703690Gated Communitya restricted access subdivision or neighborhood, often surrounded by a barrier, with entry permitted only for residents and their guests; usually totally planned in land use and design, with "residents only" limitations on public streets and parks20
6625706981Gateway cityCities that, because of their geographic location, act as ports of entry and distribution centers for large geographic areas. (Houston)21
6625709339GentrificationA process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class owner-occupied area.22
6625711906GhettoA poor densely populated city district occupied by a minority ethnic group linked together by economic hardship and social restrictions23
6625714178Gravity ModelA model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service.24
6625723047High-tech corridorPlace where technology and computer industries agglomerate25
6625726598HinterlandThe market area surrounding an urban center, which that urban center serves.26
6625735870Infill developmentoccurs within established urban areas where the site or area either is a vacant place between other developments or has previously been used for another urban purpose.27
6625740631Informal EconomyEconomic activity that is neither taxed nor monitored by a government; and is not included in that government's Gross National Product; as opposed to a formal economy28
6625743471Infrastructureis all of the things that a society builds for public use29
6625747333Invasion and SuccessionProcess by which new immigrants to a city move to and dominate or take over areas or neighborhoods occupied by older immigrant groups. For example, in the early twentieth century, Puerto Ricans "invaded" the immigrant Jewish neighborhood of East Harlem and successfully took over the neighborhood or "succeeded" the immigrant Jewish population as the dominant immigrant group in the neighborhood30
6625750869Latin America City ModelBusiness in the center, people live around the center, poor people outside. (Griffin and Ford)31
6625757174Squatter SettlementAn area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures.32
6625760293SuburbA subsidiary urban area surrounding and connected to the central city. Many are exclusively residential; others have their own commercial centers or shopping malls.33
6625764356SuburbanizationMovement of upper and middle-class people from urban core areas to the surrounding outskirts to escape pollution as well as deteriorating social conditions (perceived and actual). In North America, the process began in the early nineteenth century and became a mass phenomenon by the second half of the twentieth century.34
6625766420SunbeltA region of the United States generally considered to stretch across the South and Southwest that has seen substantial population growth in recent decades, partly fueled by a surge in retiring baby boomers who migrate domestically, as well as the influx of immigrants, both legal and illegal.35
6625774613Symbolic Landscapelandscapes that express values, beliefs, and meanings of a particular culture.36
6626323895TenementA building in which several families rent rooms or apartments, often with little sanitation or safety37
6626327721ThresholdThe minimum number of people needed to support the service38
6626337995Urban Fringethe ring of small towns and suburbs that surround a city39
6626344706Urban functionServices that are provided in a certain urban area40
6626350153Urban HierarchyA ranking of settlements according to their size and economic functions.41
6626351601Urban Realma simplified description of urban land use, especially descriptive of the modern North American city. it features a number of dispersed, peripheral centers of dynamic commercial and industrial activity linked by sophisticated urban transportation networks.42
6626358763Urban SprawlThe process of urban areas expanding outwards, usually in the form of suburbs, and developing over fertile agricultural land.43
6626373650Urban Villagedistinctive residential districts comprising a clustering of people with a common culture and forming an identifiable community44
6626378701Leapfrog DevelopmentDevelopment that occurs well beyond the limits of the current urbanized area, usually to take advantage of less expensive land45
6626389289Maquiladorasthe term given to zones in Northern Mexico with factories supplying manufactured goods to the U.S. market. The low-wage workers in the primarily foreign-owned factories assemble imported components and/or raw materials and then export finished goods.46
6626410988Market AreaThe area surrounding a central place, from which people are attracted to use the place's goods and services.47
6626413822Mass TransitTransportation system designed to move large numbers of people along fixed routes48
6626416749McGee Urban Model49
6626420055McMansionHomes referred to as such because of their "super size" and similarity in appearance to other such homes; homes often built in place of tear-downs in American suburbs.50
6626422341MegacityA giant urban area that includes surrounding cities and suburbs City with more than 10 million people51
6626428846MegalopolisSeveral, metropolitan areas that were originally separate but that have joined together to form a large, sprawling urban complex.52
6626433533Metropolitan Areaa large city and its suburbs53
6626437479Multiple Nuclei model54
6626440944Mixed-Use DevelopmentAn approach to urban design that combines different types of land use within a particular neighborhood or district55
6626446211Neighborhooda small section of a city or town56
6626450277New UrbanismOutlined by a group of architects, urban planners, and developers from over 20 countries, an urban design that calls for development, urban revitalization, and suburban reforms that create walkable neighborhoods with a diversity of housing and jobs.57
6626456619Concentric Zone Model (Burgess)58
6626463227Sector Model (Hoyt)59
6626470848Multiple Nuclei Model (Harris and Ullman)60
6626478936Urban Realm (Hartshorn and Muller)61
6626497620Planned Communityarea where developers can plot out each house in development and build community from scratch62
6626509152Primate CityA country's leading city, with a population that is disproportionately greater than other urban areas within the same country.63
6626511046RangeThe maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.64
6626513663Rank-Size Rulea pattern of settlements in a country such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement65
6626521992RedliningA process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries.66
6626532120Restrictive CovenantA provision in a deed to real property prohibiting its sale to a person of a particular race or religion. Judicial enforcement of such deeds is unconstitutional.67
6626540735Sector Model68
6626543377SegregationSeparation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences69
6626545431Sequent Occupationthe notion that succedsive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place each contributing to the cumulative cultural land scape70
6626547921Shanty Towna neighborhood in which people live in makeshift shacks71
6626547922SiteThe absolute location of a place72
6626553857SituationRelative Location73
6626569385Sluma district of a city marked by poverty and inferior living conditions74
6626573187Southwest Asia City (McGee) Model75
6626581760World CityCenters of economic, culture, and political activity that are strongly interconnected and together control the global systems of finance and commerce.76
6626584021Zoning LawsLegal restrictions on land use that determines what types of building and economic activities are allowed to take place in certain areas. In the United States, areas are most commonly divided into separate zones of residential, retail, or industrial use.77

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