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| 7883459374 | Indentured Servants | The "headright" system enabled Chesapeake tobacco farmers to obtain both land and labor by importing these types of workers from England. | 0 | |
| 7883472383 | Indentured Servants | These Englishmen were the chief source of agricultural labor in Virginia and Maryland before 1675. They accounted for 75% of the 130, English immigrants to Virginia and Maryland during the 17th century. | 1 | |
| 7883491581 | Bacon's Rebellion, 1676 | This rebellion exposed tensions between backcountry farmers and the tidewater gentry. | 2 | |
| 7883496496 | Bacon's Rebellion, 1676 | This rebellion prompted the tidewater gentry to reevaluate their commitment to the system of indentured servants. | 3 | |
| 7883507250 | Slavery | The profitable cultivation of tobacco required this inexpensive form of labor. | 4 | |
| 7883515568 | Slavery | This form of labor in colonial Virginia and Maryland spread rapidly in the last quarter of the 17th century, as Blacks displaced White indentured servants in the tobacco fields. | 5 | |
| 7883583372 | Caribbean | In the 17th and 18th centuries, the vast majority of Africans who survived the transatlantic passage ended up working on plantations in Brazil and the ______. | 6 | |
| 7883600036 | North America | Of all of the slaves transported as part of the slave trade, the fewest slaves were brought into British _______ _________. | 7 | |
| 7883610440 | 1700s | Slavery was legally established in all 13 colonies by the early ______. | 8 | |
| 7883616322 | cultural | Although enslaved, Africans maintained _______ practices brought from Africa. | 9 | |
| 7883629178 | Tobbacco | _______ was the most important cash crop grown in the Chesapeake colonies. | 10 | |
| 7883643488 | Rice | _______ was the most important cash crop grown in South Carolina. | 11 | |
| 7883651825 | indentured servants | Because the supply of _______ _______ from England became insufficient by the late 17th century, slavery began to develop in the Southern colonies. | 12 | |
| 7883664808 | tobacco | Because the spread of _______ cultivation westward created a demand for labor, slavery began to develop in the Southern colonies. | 13 | |
| 7883674001 | morally | Because few 17th and 18th century white colonists view human bondage as _______ unacceptable, slavery began to develop in the Southern colonies. | 14 | |
| 7883686544 | England | Because of it's increase in maritime power, _______ wanted to compete in the profitable slave trad begun by the Portuguese and Dutch, which led to the development of slavery in the Southern colonies. | 15 | |
| 7883703851 | The Stono Rebellion, 1739 | This was one of the earliest known acts of rebellion against slavery in America. | 16 | |
| 7883709331 | The Stono Rebellion, 1739 | This was organized and led by slaves living south of Charleston. They tried unsuccessfully to flee to Spanish Florida, where they hoped to gain their freedom. | 17 | |
| 7883723371 | didn't | The Declaration of Independence _______ call for the abolition of the slave trade. | 18 | |
| 7883729213 | The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | This excluded slavery north of the Ohio River. | 19 | |
| 7883734736 | The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | This was the first national document containing a prohibition of slavery. | 20 | |
| 7883743474 | U.S. Constitution | As written in 1787, the _______ explicitly guaranteed the legality of slavery in every state. | 21 | |
| 7883748028 | Three-Fifths Compromise | This was an agreement between the Southern and Northern states. Under the terms of this, 3/5s of the population of slaves would be counted for enumeration purposes regarding both the distribution of taxes and the apportionment of the members of the House of Representatives. | 22 | |
| 7883766803 | 14th Amendment | This invalidated the 3/5s Compromise. It specifically states, "Representatives shall be apportioned... counting the whole number of persons in each state." | 23 | |
| 7883783422 | Haitian Slave Rebellion | This rebellion of the 1790s prompted an increased fear of slave revolts in the South. | 24 | |
| 7883787805 | Toussaint L'Ouverture | He led the Haitian Slave Rebellion. | 25 | |
| 8750943927 | free | The following factors contributed to the growth of the _____ African American population: a) the gradual emancipation laws of individual states, b) manumission granted for Revolutionary War service, c) manumission granted by slaveholders' wills, d) natural increas among free African Americans | 26 | |
| 7883800797 | cotton gin | The invention of this made it possible and profitable to harvest short-staple cotton, contributing to making it the South's most important cash crop. | 27 | |
| 7883811629 | textile | The rise of _______ manufacturing in England created enormous demand for cotton. | 28 | |
| 7883817372 | small | The majority of white adult males were _______ farmers rather than wealthy planters. | 29 | |
| 7883821495 | no | The majority of white families in the antebellum South owned _______ slaves. | 30 | |
| 8750960813 | rose | The cost of slave labor _______ sharply between 1800 and 1860. | 31 | |
| 8750967115 | separations | Despite forced __________, slaves maintained social networks among kindred and friends | 32 | |
| 8750975538 | increase | The dramatic __________ in the South's slave labor force was due to the natural population __________ of American-born slaves. | 33 | |
| 8750983169 | were | During the antebellum period, free African Americans __________ able to accumulate some property in spite of discrimination. | 34 | |
| 8750991680 | slave marriages | Although Southern legal codes did not uniformly provide for the legalization and stability of slave marriage, slaves were generally able to marry, and the institution of marriage was common on Southern plantations. | 35 | |
| 8751002363 | African American culture | The majority of slaves adapted to the oppressive conditions imposed on them by developing a separate ________________________________________. | 36 | |
| 8751008670 | revolts | Slave __________ were infrequent. Most Southern slaves resisted their masters by feigning illness and working as slowly as possible. | 37 | |
| 7883833501 | Missouri Compromise | 1. Maine would enter the Union as a free state. 2. Missouri would enter the Union as a slave state. 3. The remaining territory of the Louisiana Purchase above latitude 36*30' would be closed to slavery. | 38 | |
| 7883849596 | Consequences of the Missouri Compromise | 1. The number of Northerners and Southerners in the Senate remained the same. 2. most of the LA Purchase was closed to slavery. 3. 1st major 19th century conflict over slavery was settled 4. Slavery was temporarily defused as a national political issue. | 39 | |
| 7883875396 | Texas | President Jackson resisted the admission of _______ into the Union in 1836, primarily because he feared that the debate over the admission of it would ignite controversy over slavery. | 40 | |
| 7883888865 | Texas | Following a joint resolution of Congress, _______ joined the Union in December of 1845. | 41 | |
| 7884799644 | The Wilmot Proviso | This specifically provided for the prohibition of slavery in lands acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War. | 42 | |
| 7884820787 | did not | Congress _______ pass the Wilmot Proviso. | 43 | |
| 7884851479 | The Compromise of 1850 | California was admitted to the Union as a free state as part of this. | 44 | |
| 7884860103 | District of Columbia | According to the Compromise of 1850, the slave trade (but not slavery) was abolished in _______. | 45 | |
| 7884868938 | Fugitive Slave Act | As part of the Compromise of 1850 this law was enacted. It proved to be the most controversial and divisive component of the compromise. | 46 | |
| 8751027812 | Ostend Manifesto | This was a proposal to seize Cuba by force. Enraged antislavery Northerners prevented it from beign implemented. | 47 | |
| 8751036280 | Kansas Nebraska Act, 1854 | Provisions include: -proposed territory of Nebraska would be divided into 2 territories -slavery would be settled by popular sovereignty | 48 | |
| 8751066119 | popular sovereignty | the settlers in a given territory would have the sole right to decide wheter or not slavery would be permitted Senator Stephan A. Douglas was the leading proponent of this | 49 | |
| 8751078802 | Stephan A. Douglas | This U.S. senator was a leading proponent of popular sovereignty | 50 | |
| 8751092323 | Missouri Compromise | The Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the ____________________, thus heightening sectional tensions. | 51 | |
| 8751097759 | Whigs | The Kansas-Nebraska Act led to the demise of the __________. | 52 | |
| 8751102060 | Republican Party | The Kansas-Nebraska Act led to the rise of the ____________________ and Abe Lincoln. | 53 | |
| 8751106130 | Kansas | __________ became the first test of popular sovereignty. | 54 | |
| 8751112531 | The Dred Scott Decision, 1857 | -The Supreme Court ruled that Black people were not citizens of the United States and therefore couldn't petition the Court. -Established the principle that national legislation could not limit the spread of slavery into the territories. -by stating that Congress had no right to prohibit slavery in the territories, this decision repealed the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the Missouri Compromise of 1820 -this decision became a contentious issue during the Lincoln-Douglas debates | 55 | |
| 8751137649 | Democratic | The __________ Party was divided on the issue of expanding slavery into the territories. | 56 | |
| 8751140555 | Republican | The __________ Party opposed the extension of slavery into the territories. However, they acknowledged that slavery should be protected in the states where it already existed. | 57 | |
| 8751154599 | The Second Great Awakening | The religious spirit of this time period increased public awareness of the moral outrages perpetuated by slavery. It contributed to the growth of the abolitionist movement. | 58 | |
| 8751163600 | American Colonization Society | -goal was the return of freed slaves to Africa -leaders of this movement were middle-class men and women | 59 | |
| 8751168761 | William Lloyd Garrison | -issued the first call for the "immediate and uncompensated emancipation of the slaves." -"Let Southern oppressors tremble... I will be as harsh as Truth and as uncompromising as Justice... I am in earnest- I will not retreat a single inch- and I WILL BE HEARD!" ~The Liberator | 60 | |
| 8751185933 | Frederick Douglass | -most prominent Black abolitionist during the antebellum period -published his autobiography in 1845 -championed equal rights for women and Native Americans, "I would unite with anybody to do right and with nobody to do wrong." | 61 | |
| 8751196762 | Harriet Beecher Stowe | -wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin, which intensified Northern opposition to slavery (only the Bible sold more copies) | 62 | |
| 8751203467 | Emancipation Proclamation, 1863 | -Lincoln refrained from taking action to emancipate slaves until the Civil War had been in progress for almost 2 years because he wanted to retain the loyalty of the border states. -Union victory at Antietam gave Lincoln the opportunity to issue this -only freed slaves in the rebellious states -did not free slaves in the Border States -immediate effect was to strengthen the moral cause of the Union in the Civil War | 63 | |
| 8751223811 | African Americans at WAr | -for most of the Civil War ____________________ soldiers wer paid less than White soldeirs of equal rank -the South considered ____________________ serving in the Union army as contraband | 64 | |
| 7884878766 | Anne Hutchinson | She challenged Puritan religious authorities in Massachusetts Bay. | 65 | |
| 7884889355 | Anne Hutchinson | Puritan authorities banished her because she challenged religious doctrine, gender roles, and clerical authority, and she claimed to have had revelations from God. | 66 | |
| 7884905793 | women | _______ usually lost control of their property when they married. | 67 | |
| 7884912442 | identity | Married women had no separate legal _______ apart from their husband in colonial times. | 68 | |
| 7884915032 | couldn't | Women _______ hold political office, serve as clergy, vote, or serve as jurors during colonial times. | 69 | |
| 7884926222 | single | _______ women and widows did have the legal right to own property. | 70 | |
| 7884928184 | unmarried | Women serving as indentured servants had to remain _______ until the period of their indenture was over. | 71 | |
| 7884934815 | Chesapeake Colonies | In this area, there was a scarcity of women and a high mortality rate among men. This was especially true in the 17th century. | 72 | |
| 7884943315 | higher | As a result of the scarcity of women, the status of women in the Chesapeake colonies was _______ than that of women in the New England colonies. | 73 | |
| 7884952380 | Abigail Adams | An early proponent of women's rights. | 74 | |
| 7884960669 | cult of domesticity | This refers to the idealization of women in their roles as wives and mothers. | 75 | |
| 7884965073 | republican mother | This term suggested that women would be responsible for rearing their children to be virtuous citizens of the new American republic. By emphasizing family and religious values, women could have a positive moral influence on the American political character. | 76 | |
| 7884975525 | Middle | _______-class Americans viewed the home as a refuge from the world rather than a productive economic unit. | 77 | |
| 7884984820 | Catharine Beecher | She supported the cult of domesticity. "...The mother writes the character of the future man; the sister bends the fibers that hereafter are the forest tree; the wife sways the heart, whose energies may turn for good or evil the destinies of a nation. Let the women of a country be virtuous and intelligent, and the men will certainly be the same. | 78 | |
| 7885005684 | Lowell system | This was a plan developed in the early nineteenth century to promote and expand textile manufacturing. | 79 | |
| 7885012016 | Lowell | During the first half of the 19th century, textile mills in _______ relied heavily on a labor force of women and children. | 80 | |
| 7885017043 | rural | During the 1820s and 1830s, the majority of workers in the textile mills of Massachusetts were young, unmarried women from _______ New England who sought to earn money of their own. | 81 | |
| 7885026633 | Irish | Prior to the Civil War, _______ immigrants began to replace New England farm girls in the textile mills. | 82 | |
| 7885039637 | land | Most scholars now believe that the first Native Americans reached North America by traveling across a _______ bridge connecting eastern Siberia and Alaska. | 83 | |
| 7885049356 | Pre-Columbian | _______ peoples developed all of the following: -a mathematically based calendar -irrigation systems -domesticated cereal crops such as maize -multifamily dwellings -herbal medical treatments -large cities such as the Aztec capital | 84 | |
| 7885061870 | Pre-Columbian | _______ peopled did not develop the following: -wheeled vehicles -gunpowder -waterwheels | 85 | |
| 7885081157 | Columbian Exchange | The term refers to the exchange of plants and animals between the New World and Europe following the "discovery" of America in 1492. | 86 | |
| 7885097480 | New | _______ World crops such as corn, tomatoes, and potatoes had a dramatic effect on the European diet. | 87 | |
| 7885102794 | Old | _______ World domesticated animals such as horses, cows, and pigs had a dramatic effect on life for Native Americans. | 88 | |
| 7885108624 | epidemics | Old World diseases caused _______ among the Native American inhabitants of the New World. | 89 | |
| 7885115312 | smallpox | Native Americans suffered severe population declined because they lacked immunity to _______ and other European diseases. | 90 | |
| 7885127455 | agricultural | Both Native Americans and the first English settlers had _______ economies. | 91 | |
| 7885130828 | villiage | Both Native Americans and the first English settlers lived in _______ communities. | 92 | |
| 7885134798 | domesticated | Both Native Americans and the first English settlers _______ corn and other vegetables. | 93 | |
| 7885138681 | spirituality | Both Native Americans and the first English settlers had a strong sense of _______. | 94 | |
| 7885144423 | property | Native Americans and the first English settlers had radically different conceptions of _______. | 95 | |
| 7885154183 | Iroquois Confederacy | This was the most important and powerful Native American alliance. | 96 | |
| 7885161479 | Iroquois Confederacy | The tribes of this formed the most important Native American political organization to confront the colonist. | 97 | |
| 7885166943 | permanent | During the 18th century, the Iroquois lived in _______ settlements. | 98 | |
| 7885174105 | Cherokee | The _______ differed from other Native American tribes in that they tried to mount a court challenge to a removal order. | 99 | |
| 7885181579 | Worchester v. Georgia | In this case, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the rights of the Cherokee tribe to their tribal lands. | 100 | |
| 7885201279 | Jackson | This president refused to recognize the Court's decision in Worchester v. Gerogia. "John Marshall has made his decision: now let him enforce it." | 101 | |
| 7885210617 | Jackson's | _______'s antipathy toward Native Americans was well know: "I have long viewed treaties with American Indians as an absurdity not to be reconciled to the principles of our government." | 102 | |
| 7885221524 | Trail of Tears | Jackson's Native American policy which resulted in this removal of the Cherokee from their homeland to settlements across the Mississippi River. | 103 | |
| 7885237810 | 1/4 | Approximately _______ of the Cherokee people died on the Trail of Tears. | 104 | |
| 7885248391 | John Marshall | He believed that the U.S. would be best served by concentrating power in a strong central government. | 105 | |
| 7885254670 | business enterprise | Under Chief Justice John Marshall, Supreme Court decisions tended to promote _______ _______. | 106 | |
| 7885260861 | federal | Under John Marshall's leadership, the Supreme Court upheld the supremacy of _______ legislation over state legislation. | 107 | |
| 7885267713 | Marbury v. Madison, 1803 | This case established the principle of judicial review. | 108 | |
| 7885272470 | Judicial review | this gave the Supreme Court the authority to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional. | 109 | |
| 7885280265 | strenghtened | Marbury v. Madison was one of a series of landmark decisions by Chief Justice John Marshall that strengthened the federal government. | 110 | |
| 7885293705 | Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 1819 | The Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution protected contracts from state encroachments. | 111 | |
| 7885298482 | state | The ruling in Dartmouth College v. Woodward safeguarded business enterprise from interference by _______ governments. | 112 | |
| 7885316041 | James Fenimore Cooper | Author of The Last of the Mohicans, 1757. | 113 | |
| 7885325412 | Leatherstocking Tales | The Last of the Mohicans was part of this series of novels. | 114 | |
| 7885331149 | James Fenimore Cooper | He was the first American writer to feature uniquely American characters. | 115 | |
| 7885334726 | Western | Cooper created the first genuine _______ heroes in American literature. | 116 | |
| 7885338399 | "noble savage" | Cooper's novels gave expression to this concept. | 117 | |
| 7885345439 | Common Sense 1776 | This was a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine. | 118 | |
| 7885349573 | independence | Common Sense was a strongly worded call for independence from Great Britain. | 119 | |
| 7885361050 | Republican | in Common Sense, Paine opposed monarchy (he called King George a Pharaoh!) and strongly favored this type of government. | 120 | |
| 7885371425 | biblical | In Common Sense, Paine used _______ analogies and references to illustrate his arguments. | 121 | |
| 7885377781 | The Federalist Papers | These were written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay to support ratification of the Constitution of 1787. | 122 | |
| 7885386344 | republic | The Federalist Papers challenged the conventional political wisdom of the 18th century when they asserted that a large _______ offered the best protection of minority rights. | 123 | |
| 7885401525 | Navigation Acts, 1651 | These acts put mercantilism into practice. Colonial products that could be shipped only to England were listed. | 124 | |
| 7885407874 | Navigation Acts, 1651 | These were designed to subordinate the colonial economy to that of the mother country. | 125 | |
| 7885414279 | Sugar Act, 1764 | This was the first law passed by Parliament to raise revenue for the British Crown. | 126 | |
| 7885418610 | enforcement | The Sugar Act was designed to tighten _______ of English customs laws in America. | 127 | |
| 7885422706 | lowered | Following bitter protests from the colonists over the Sugar Act, British officials _______ the duties. | 128 | |
| 7885429225 | Stamp Act, 1765 | The primary purpose of this act was to raise revenue to support British troops stationed in America. | 129 | |
| 7885435921 | consent | The Stamp Act raised the issue of Parliament's right to tax the colonies without their _______. | 130 | |
| 7885440651 | boycotts | The Stamp Act was repealed because colonial _______ of English goods were hurting British merchants. | 131 | |
| 7885448379 | British | The Stamp Act is important because it revealed that many colonists believed they were entitled to all the rights and privileges of _______ subjects. | 132 | |
| 7885458010 | violence | The Stamp Act is important because the colonists demonstrated their willingness to use ______ rather than legal means to frustrate British policy. | 133 | |
| 7885471270 | Coercive Acts, 1774 | The British response to the Boston Tea Party, these were widely known in the colonies as the Intolerable Acts. | 134 | |
| 7885476959 | Intolerable Acts | In these, Parliament closed the port of Boston and drastically reduced the power of self-government in the Massachusetts colony. They also provided for the quartering of troops in the colonists' barns and empty houses. | 135 | |
| 7885490802 | Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 | Repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820, heightening the sectional crisis. Applied the principle of popular sovereignty to the territories. Permitted the expansion of slavery beyond the Southern states. sparked the formation of the Republican Party. | 136 | |
| 7885513097 | Puritans | These people immigrated to New England in the 1630s for the following reasons: -a desire to escape political repression -a desire to find new economic opportunities and avoid an economic recession in England -a desire to escape restrictions on their religions practices | 137 | |
| 7885527980 | Great English Migration | The Puritans who immigrated to New England were part of this. It numbered some 70,000 people. It is interesting to note that over twice as many Puritans immigrated to the West Indies as to New England. | 138 | |
| 7885539083 | Proclamation of 1763 | This set a boundary along the crest of the Appalachians beyond which the colonists could not cross. The ban was an ill-considered attempt to prevent costly conflicts with trans-Appalachian Indians. | 139 | |
| 7885552224 | defeated | As American Indians were _______, Scotch-Irish, German, and English immigrants moved into Appalachia. | 140 | |
| 7885559349 | land | British colonists were principally motivated to settle west of the Appalachians by the low price and easy availability of this. | 141 | |
| 7885569069 | Ireland | This country supplied the largest number of immigrants to the U.S. during the first half of the 19th century. | 142 | |
| 7885574852 | Potato famine | The Irish immigrants fled the devastating effects of this. | 143 | |
| 7885579499 | urban | Most Irish immigrants settled in ______ cities along the Eastern Seaboard. | 144 | |
| 7885584933 | canal | Many Irish immigrants worked on ______ and railroad construction projects. | 145 |
