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| 7504761696 | Aristotelian Argument | Also known as the Classic Argument Refers to Greek philosopher Aristotle Considered one of the original structures for an argument Purpose is to confirm a position and refute the opposition Uses logic and empirical evidence Has four main parts: claim, confirmation, concession and refutation, and conclusion Begin by giving any necessary background for understanding the issues and state your central thesis. Present claim and evidence to confirm your position. Acknowledge the counterargument and refute it by using evidence and pointing out faulty reasoning. Conclude your argument by solving the problem in the introduction and showing the significance of your position. | 0 | |
| 7504770046 | Rogerian approach: | Refers to psychologist Carl Rogers Uses a style that is more compromising and consensus-building Writer strives to find a common ground with the opposing side Effective for emotionally charged issues, since it relies more on logical evidence rather than emotional reasons Has four basic parts: general problem, reader's perspective and contexts for validity, writer's perspective and contexts for validity, and compromise Begin by grabbing the reader's attention, explaining the issue, and showing how it impacts both sides in a neutral, non-biased tone. Describe the opposing side and situations in which the opponent's position may be valid. Provide reasons for differing with the opposing view in certain situations. Conclude by showing how the opponent's position would be stronger if elements of the writer's position were adopted in order to reinforce common ground. | 1 | |
| 7504779944 | Toulmin Argument: | Refers to twentieth-century philosopher Stephen Toulmin Especially effective for controversial issues that do not have an absolute truth Seeks to establish a realistic and reasonable solution rather than "win" the argument Works backward: presents an idea first and then works to justify it Has six basic parts: claim, qualifier, data, warrant, backing, and rebuttal Begin with a claim and qualifiers. Offer data to support the thesis. Present a warrant to connect the claim and the data. Offer factual backing to support the warrant. Discuss a counterclaim to establish common ground and credibility. Rebut the opposition by providing evidence that negates the counterclaim. | 2 | |
| 7558694285 | synthesis | combining facts, quotes, examples from outside resources with your own ideas and reasoning | 3 | |
| 7558769293 | Fallacy | an error in someones logic or a mistake in someone's reasoning. | 4 | |
| 7558793843 | Hasty Generalization Fallacy | A logical fallacy in which a conclusion is based on insufficient evidence or a sample of people that are to small. linked to stereotypes and prejudices. | 5 | |
| 7558813659 | Post Hoc fallacy | A logical fallacy in which we assume that because B comes after A, A caused B. In Latin " After this, therefore, because of this" | 6 | |
| 7558836449 | Slippery Slope fallacy | A logical fallacy that claims if a particular action is taken, it will lead to an undesired event, which leads to another undesirable event and so on. | 7 | |
| 7558865017 | authority fallacy | A logical fallacy that uses an "authority" who is not an expert on the issue | 8 | |
| 7559009797 | popularity fallacy | a logical fallacy that claims something is true because people accept the claim or agree with the position. This fallacy takes advantage of people's desire to be part of the majority. | 9 | |
| 7559092443 | Fear | A logical fallacy that uses fear to create support for the claim. | 10 | |
| 7763155059 | Anaphora | repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses. | 11 | |
| 7763160915 | wrought | archaic past and past participle of work. | 12 | |
| 7806961968 | Figurative language | refers to words or phrases that should not be taken literally. Writers use this rhetorical device to show connections between ideas, engage their reader, and make their ideas more compelling. | 13 | |
| 8476281640 | melancholy | a feeling of pensive sadness, typically with no obvious cause. sad and pensive. | 14 | |
| 8476290906 | laconic | using very few words. | 15 | |
| 8476346580 | wry | using or expressing dry, especially mocking, humor. twisted into an expression of disgust, disappointment, or annoyance. | 16 | |
| 8476644293 | allegory | a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one. | 17 | |
| 8476648006 | analogy | a comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification. | 18 | |
| 8476862869 | Direct Quotation | Words taken from the source | 19 | |
| 8476866431 | paraphrase | A rephrasing of the original text or idea using your own words | 20 | |
| 8476868533 | Summary | An explanation of the main points or ideas written in your own words | 21 | |
| 8477172855 | demystify | make (a difficult or esoteric subject) clearer and easier to understand | 22 | |
| 8477320008 | What is Alliteration | Repetition of initial consonant sound | 23 | |
| 8477379840 | effect of alliteration | focuses the reader's attention on a particular section of text by punctuating a sound and creating a rhythm. | 24 | |
| 8477382251 | allusion | Reference to a person, place, thing, event, or idea of historical, cultural, political, religious, or literary significance | 25 | |
| 8477392061 | Imagery | Sensory details that evoke any or all of the five senses | 26 | |
| 8477394029 | Metaphor | Figure of speech that compares two unlike things without using any comparison words | 27 | |
| 8477398624 | simile | Figure of speech that compares two unlike things using the words "like" or "as" | 28 | |
| 8477828967 | extol | praise enthusiastically. | 29 |
