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AP Lang: Language & Arrangement Flashcards

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7232300454Denotationa direct specific meaning as distinct from an implied or associated idea0
7232300455Connotationthe suggesting of a meaning by a word apart from the thing it explicitly names or describes1
7232300456Ambiguitya word or expression that can be understood in two or more possible ways ex: "I'll give you a ring tomorrow"2
7232300457Ambivalencesimultaneous and contradictory attitudes or feelings (such as attraction and repulsion) toward an object, person, or action ex: Love and hate - support but don't support3
7232300458Innuendoa veiled or equivocal reflection on character or reputation4
7232300459Euphemismthe substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant5
7232300460Rhetorical Questiona question not intended to require an answer6
7232300461Syntaxthe way in which linguistic elements are put together to form constituents7
7232300462Antithesisthe rhetorical contrast of ideas by means of parallel arrangements of words, clauses, or sentences; in a balanced phrase ex: it was the best of times, it was the worst of times8
7232300463Juxtapositionthe act or an instance of placing two or more things side by side often to compare or contrast or to create an interesting effect ex: Light and Dark A fish and a glass of orange juice "For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life"9
7232300464Repetitionthe renewal or recurrence of something over and over again10
7232300465Parallel Structure/Parallelismthe use of the same pattern of words to show that two or more words or ideas are of equal importance and to help the reader comprehend what is being written; the use of successive verbal constructions in poetry or prose that correspond in grammatical structure, sound, meter, meaning11
7232300466Apposition/Appositivesetting ideas side by side. Appositives, therefore, are structures that, when put in apposition to similar structures, add clarification or enable the reader to see the idea from a different point of view ex:"Over my head I heard a sound of beaten air, like a million shook rugs, a muffled whuff"12
7232300467Colloquialused in or characteristic of familiar and informal conversation13
7232300468Jargonthe technical terminology or characteristic idiom of a special activity or group14
7232300469Invectiveof, relating to, or characterized by insult or abuse (Ad hominem) ex: "Curse the blasted, jelly-boned swines,15
7232300470Declarativemade known formally, officially, or explicitly ex: this is my pen16
7232300471Imperativeof, relating to, or constituting the grammatical mood that expresses the will to influence the behavior of another ex: Sit down right now.17
7232300472Interrogativehaving the form or force of a question18
7232300473Exclamatorycontaining, expressing, using, or relating to exclamation ex: simple!19
7232300474Loosea sentence that begins with a main clause that is followed by phrases and/or clauses that modify the main clause ex:Abraham Lincoln wept, fearing that the Union would not survive if the southern states seceded.20
7232300475Periodica sentence that has the main clause or predicate at the end ex: Alone in his study, lost in somber thoughts about his beloved country, dejected but not broken in spirit, Abraham Lincoln wept21
7232300476Simplehaving only one main clause and no subordinate clauses ex: The boy studied for the test.22
7232300477Compounda sentence containing two or more coordinate independent clauses, usually joined by one or more conjunctions, but no dependent clause ex: The boy studied for the test, so he was prepared for anything.23
7232300478Complexconsisting of two parts, at least one of which is a bound form ex: Because the boy studied for the test, he was prepared for anything.24
7232300479Compound-Complexa sentence that contains at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause ex: Because the boy studied for the test, he was prepared for anything, and he didn't forget a thing.25
7232300480Telegraphic (Sentence Length)a concise sentence typically containing five words or less ex: Be careful out there. The grass is green.26
7232300481Medium (Sentence Length)a sentence of moderate length typically containing eighteen words ex: compound sentence27
7232300482Long (Sentence Lengtha long sentence typically containing thirty words28

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