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| passing reference or indirect mention | ||
| a figure of speech in which an expression is used to refer to something that it does not literally denote in order to suggest a similarity | ||
| a figure of speech that expresses a resemblance between things of different kinds (usually formed with 'like' or 'as') | ||
| a construction in which elements are presented in a series without conjunctions | ||
| using several conjunctions in close succession, especially where some might be omitted (as in 'he ran and jumped and laughed for joy') | ||
| phrases or sentences of a similar construction/meaning placed side by side, balancing each other | ||
| repetition of a word or phrase as the beginning of successive clauses (God bless Arkansas, God bless Pizza, God Bless America) | ||
| the repeated use of the same word or word pattern as a rhetorical device | ||
| use of the same consonant at the beginning of each stressed syllable in a line of verse. (Silly, sorry Sally.) | ||
| exact opposite (Money is the root of all evils: poverty is the fruit of all goodness) | ||
| a figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor | ||
| for of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to achieve emphasis and intensity. for example, "She is not a bad cook." | ||
| conjoining contradictory terms (as in 'deafening silence') | ||
| using words that imitate the sound they denote (Bang) | ||
| use of a word to govern two or more words though appropriate to only one Ex. "'Mr. Pickwick took his hat and his leave' is an example of zeugma" | ||
| a statement that is formulated as a question but that is not supposed to be answered | ||
| raising a question then proceeding to answer it | ||
| address to an absent or imaginary person | ||
| profane or obscene expression usually of surprise or anger | ||
| the latter part of a phrase is surprising in a way that causes the reader to reframe the first part i.e. "Where there's a will, I want to be in it." | ||
| a worn-out idea or overused expression | ||
| incongruity between what might be expected and what actually occurs Ex. "the irony of Ireland's copying the nation she most hated" | ||
| A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole (as hand for sailor), the whole for a part (as the law for police officer), the specific for the general (as cutthroat for assassin), the general for the specific (as thief for pickpocket), or the material for the thing made from it (as steel for sword). | ||
| substituting the name of an attribute or feature for the name of the thing itself (as in 'they counted heads') | ||
| representing an abstract quality or idea as a person or creature | ||
| a specific piece of verifiable information that supports a statement | ||
| support material that gives emotional appeal to a presentation | ||
| something a speaker has that inspires confidence within the audience | ||
| a misconception resulting from incorrect reasoning | ||
| a quality that arouses emotions (especially pity or sorrow) | ||
| underlying character of a culture, group, etc.; character or ideas peculiar to a specific person, group, or culture; Ex. the company ethos | ||
| an appeal based on logic or reason |
