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AP Lang Vocab 1-9

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293458551AsydentonCommas used (with no conjunctions) to separate a series of words. The parts are emphasized equally when the conjunction is omitted; in addition, the use of commas with no intervening conjunction speeds up the flow of the sentence.
293458552DeductionThe process of moving from a general rule to a specific example.
293458553InvectiveVerbally abusive attack.
293458554HyperboleDeliberate exaggeration in order to create humor or emphasis.
293458555ParodyA work that ridicules the style of another by imitating and exaggerating its elements. It can be utterly mocking or gently humorous. It depends on allusion and exaggerates and distorts the original style and content.
293458556SynecdocheA figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole, such as using "boards" to mean stage or "wheels" to mean car, or "All hands on deck."
293458557Rhetorical QuestionOne that does not expect an explicit answer. It is used to pose an idea to be considered by the speaker or audience.
293458558PolysyndetonSentence which uses and or another conjunction (with no commas) to separate the items in a series.
293458559HeterogeneousDifferent. Consisting of utterly dissimilar parts or styles.
293458560TenableCapable of being maintained.
293458561ConciliatoryReconciling, soothing.
293458562GregariousExtremely outgoing, sociable.
293458563IncongruousNot fitting in with the rest of the whole.
293458564MeticulousExcessively careful. Describes one who is concerned with the details of something.
293458565PrecariousUncertain; risky.
293458566EthosEthical Appeal
293458567PathosEmotional Appeal
293458568LogosLogical appeal
293458569DictionWord choice, an element of style
293458570Concrete LanguageLanguage that describes specific, observable things
293458571Voice 1The relationship between a subject and verb
293458572Voice 2Sound of the writer
293458573ObjectiveA third party narrator who only reports what would be visible to a camera
293458574Rhetoricthe art of persuasion
293458575AnimosityBitter dislike directed toward someone or something.
293458576DisparageTo speak or write negatively of
293458577GamutThe full range of extent
293458578CorroborateTo confirm or increase in certainty
293458579JargonThe special language of a profession or group
293458580EnunciateTo articulate or pronounce
293458581MalleableEasily shaped or reformed
293458582IncognitoHidden
293458583LuridGruesome
293458584EmulateTo strive to match or better by means of imitation
293458585AdulationExtreme praise
293458586SyntaxThe grammatical structure of a sentence
293458587TransitionA word or phrase that links one idea to the next
293458588ToneThe emotion or attitude of an author
293458589StyleAn authors manner of expression
293458590Point of ViewThe perspective of a story
293458591First PersonA narrator referred to as I who is a character in the story
293458592Stream of ConsciousnessPlaces the reader inside a characters head
293458593OmniscientThird person referred to as he she or they who can see into peoples minds
293458594Limited OmniscientA third person who reports only the thoughts of only one character and what he sees.
293458595MoodWhat the reader feels
293458596CoherenceQuality of a peice of writhing
293458597AllegoryA visible symbol representing an abstract idea
293458598AllusionReference to a well-known person place or thing from history
293458599AnalogyComparison of two similar but different things
293458600AphorismA short often witty statement of a principle or a truth about life
293458601Figurative LanguageA sLanguage that contains figures of speech such as smilies and metaphors
293458602Parallelismphrases or sentences of a similar construction
293458603ImageryWords or phrases that use collection of images to appeal to one or more of the five senses to create a mental picture.
293458604SatirePoke fun to make change
293458605PenuriousVery poor
293458606ProsaicDull
293458607CapitulateTo surrender
293458608MoroseGloomy
293458609SkittishNervous
293458610VerboseWordy
293458611AplombSelf-confidence
293458612SarcasmHarsh, caustic personal remarks to or about someone; less subtle than irony.
293458613SatireA work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of human behavior by portraying it in an extreme way. It doesn't simply abuse (as in invective) or get personal (as in sarcasm). It targets groups or large concepts rather than individuals.
293458614SyllogismA form of reasoning in which two statements are made and a conclusion is drawn from them. A syllogism is the format of a formal argument that consists of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.
293458615SymbolismThe use of symbols or anything that is meant to be taken both literally and as a representative of a higher and more complex significance.
293458616ParadoxA statement that seems to contradict itself but that turns out to have rational meaning, as in this quotation from Henry David Thoreau; "I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude."
293458617IronyA situation or statement in which the actual outcome or meaning is opposite to what was expected.
293458618Extended MetaphorA sustained comparison, often referred to as a conceit. The extended metaphor is developed through a piece of writing.
293458619EpistropheRepetition of a word or expression at the end of successive phrases, clauses, sentences, or verses especially for rhetorical or poetic effect (as Lincoln's "of the people, by the people, for the people"). Compare to anaphora.
293458620RepudiateDisown; disavow or refuse any connection of oneself to something or someone. Her mother disavowed any connection to her daughter after her daughter's arrest.
293458621SuccinctBrief, compact; to the point. The speaker needed to be more succinct since the audience grew increasingly bored.
293458622PlacateTo pacify; to appease; to calm someone or something down. The teacher tried to placate the angry parent by explaining his grading.
293458623VilifyTo slander; to berate; to degrade.
293458624SolemnitySeriousness; ritualistic dignity; ceremoniousness.
293458625EccentricNot conventional; a little kooky; irregular
293458626FortuitousAccidental; occurring by chance
293458627Syntactic FluencyAbility to create a variety of sentence structures, appropriately complex and/or varied in length.
293458628Syntactic PermutationSentence structures that are extraordinarily complex and involved. They are often difficult for a reader to follow.
293458629Ad HominemIn an argument, this is an attack on the person rather than on the opponent's ideas. It comes from the Latin meaning "against the man."
293458630DiscourseSpoken or Written language, including literary works; the four traditionally classified modes of discourse are description, exposition, narration and persuasion.
293458631GeneralizationWhen a writer bases a claim upon an isolated example or asserts that a claim is certain rather than probable.
293458632EuphemismA more acceptable and usually more pleasant way of saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable. "He went to his final reward" for "he died."
293458633InversionReversing the customary (subject first, then verb, then complement) order of elements in a sentence or phrase; it is used effectively in many cases, such as posing a question: "Are you going to the store?" Usually, the element that appears first is emphasized more than the subject.
293458634InductionThe process that moves from a given series of specifics to a generalization.
293458635ImperviousImpenetrable, impossible to alter of affect.
293458636ConsecrateTo proclaim as sacred, hallow; to set aside or declare to be holy.
293458637Implicit(Adj.) Implied or understood though not expressed directly.
293458638Ludicrous(Adj.) Absurd to the point of being laughable. Something that is obviously implausible or impractical could be considered -----
293458639ReprehensibleAbhorrent. That which is morally inexcusable is -------------.
293458640SurrealisticUnreal.
293458641DebilitateTo enfeeble or weaken.
293458642Logical FallacyA mistake in reasoning.
293458643Red HerringWhen a writer raises an irrelevant issue to draw attention away from the real issue.
293458644Reductio ad AbsurdumThe Latin for "to reduce to the absurd." This is a technique useful in creating a comic effect and is also an argumentative technique. It is considered a rhetorical fallacy because it reduces an argument to an either/or choice.
293458645Straw ManWhen a writer argues against a claim that nobody actually holds or is universally considered weak. Setting up a straw man diverts attention from the real issues.
293458646Non-sequiturLatin for "it does not follow." When one statement isn't logically connected to another.
293458647OversimplificationWhen a writer obscures or denies the complexity of the issues in an argument.
293458648Freight TrainSentence consisting of three or more very short independent clauses joined by conjunctions.
293458649False AnalogyWhen two cases are not sufficiently parallel to Iend readers to accept a claim or connection between them.
293458650Faux pasA social error or social blunder. A false step in correctness.
293458651GratuitousUnnecessary. Something that is excessive.
293458652ReticentReserved. Someone who prefers silence to conversation in social settings.
293458653SumptuousExtravagant, lavish, luxurious.
293458654PontificateTo issue an authoritative decree (as a pontiff or pope might). It is often done in an egocentric manner.
293458655Ad hocFor a specific purpose or end; formed for immediate or present need. This Latin phrase translates literally to "for this purpose".
293458656DegenerateHaving regressed or descended to a lower state.
293458657EpigraphThe use of a quotation at the beginning of a work that hints at its theme.
293458658ColloquialismA word or phrase (including slang) used in everyday conversation and informal writing but that is often inappropriate in formal writing.
293458659CacophonyHarsh, awkward or dissonant sounds used deliberately in poetry or prose; the opposite of euphony.
293458660EuphonyA succession of harmonious sounds used in poetry or prose; the opposite of cacophony.
293458661AntithesisThe presentation of two contrasting images. The ideas are balanced by a word, phrase, clause or paragraphs.
293458662AnaphoraRepetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. This is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writer's point more coherent.
293458663ConnotationImplied or suggested meaning of a word because of its association in the reader's mind
293458664ImpetuousImpulsive; rash or sudden action
293458665InaneLacking sense, silly
293458666AmbivalenceUncertainty or indecisiveness
293458667AmorousStrongly attracted or disposed to love, especially sexual love
293458668TaciturnHabitually untalkative, inclined to silence
293458669DespondentFeeling dejected, disheartened, hopeless
293458670EuphoriaA feeling of great happiness or well-being.
293458671IndifferentApathetic, having no marked feeling for or against
293458672Negative-PositiveSentence that begins by stating what is NOT true, then ending by stating what is true.
293458673DidacticWriting whose purpose is to instruct or to teach. The work is usually formal and focuses on moral or ethical concerns. This type of writing may be fiction or nonfiction that teaches a specific less
293458674DissonanceHarsh or grating sounds that do not go together. on or moral or provides a model of correct behavior or thinking.
293458675ExplicationThe art of interpreting or discovering the meaning of a text. It usually involves close reading and special attention to figurative language.
293458676ResilientMarked by the ability to recover readily, as from misfortune, rebound
293458677OstentatiousExcessively conspicuous; showing off.
293458678PatronizeTo treat as an inferior; to condescend to.
293458679AstuteWise, shrewd
293458680EnigmaSomething that baffles understanding and cannot be explained
293458681WhimsicalFanciful, quaint, mixture of fantasy and humor
293458682ChagrinEmbarrassment, dismay, humiliation
293458683InundateTo overwhelm, to floor, to swamp
293458684PragmaticPractical. Something or someone that is practical and uses common sense.
293458685BelligerentWarlike, aggressive, hostile
293458686ChastiseDiscipline, criticize severely

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