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Ap language and comp terms Flashcards

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7153339308AppealsPersuasive pleas of shared values or credibility(ethos); two reason or logic(logos);or to prompt the readers emotions (pathos)0
7153339309ArgumentStatement put forth and supported by evidence1
7153339310AssertionEmphatic statement;declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument2
7153339311AssumptionBelief or statement taking for granted without proof3
7153339312DictionThe word choices made by writer( diction can be described as formal semi formal or Ornette informal technical etc.)4
7153339313Figurative languageLanguage employing one or more figures of speech (simile metaphor imagery etc..)5
7153339314RhetoricThe art of presenting ideas in an effective and persuasive manner6
7153339315Rhetorical devicesLiterary techniques used to Heighten The effectiveness of expression and persuasion7
7153339316Rhetorical modesPatterns of organization develop to achieve a specific purpose(i.e., narration,description, comparison and contrast, etc.)8
7153339317Rhetorical patternFormat or structure followed by a writer such as comparison/contrast or process analysis9
7153339318StructureThe arrangement of framework of a sentence, paragraph, or work10
7153339319StyleThe choices a writer makes; the combination of distinctive features of a literary work(when analyzing style, one may consider diction, figure language, sentence structure, etc.)11
7153339320SyntaxThe manner in which words are arranged into sentences12
7153339321ThemeA central idea of the work, central message of work13
7153339322ThesisThe primary position taken by a writer or speaker14
7153339323Balanced sentenceA sentence in which words, phrases, or clauses are set off against each other to emphasize a contrast(George Orwell: "if that karups language, language can also corrupt thought.")15
7153339324Complex sentenceA sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause16
7153339325Compound sentenceA sentence with two or more coordinate independent clauses, often joined by one or more conjunctions17
7153339326Compound/complex sentenceA sentence with two or more principal clauses and one or more subordinate clauses18
7153339327Commutative sentence/loosesentenceA sentence in which the main independent clause is elaborated by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases (Jonathan Swift, a modest proposal: "I have been assured by a very knowing American friend on my acquaintance in London, that a young healthy child well nursed is at a year old a most delicious, nourishing, and wholesome food, whether stewed, Roasted, baked or boiled; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve enough in a fricassee or a rag out.")19
7153339328Declarative sentenceA sentence that makes a statement or declaration20
7153339329Exclamatory sentenceA sentence expressing strong feeling, usually punctuated with an exclamation mark21
7153339330Imperative sentenceA sentence that gives a command22
7153339331Interrogative sentenceA sentence that asks a question23
7153339332Inverted syntaxThe reversal of the normal or expected word order in a sentence (E.g. "whose woods these are I think I know."Robert frosts)24
7153339333Periodic sentenceA sentence that is not Grammatically complete until the final clause or phrase; A sentence that does not give the reader the main point until the period.accomplished by using parallel phrases or clauses at the opening, or by the use of a succession of dependent clauses as modifiers preceding the independent clause, the periodic sentence unfolds gradually."in the most credibility brief time which it took the small but sturdy porter to roll a milk can across the platform and bump it, with a clang,against other milk cans similarly treated a moment before, ashy fell in love (p..g Wodehouse, something fresh, 1915)25
7153339334Simple sentenceA sentence consisting of one independent clause and no dependent clause26
7153339335AbsoluteA word of/statement free from limitations or qualifications("best," "all", "never", "always","eveybody","nobody".) most often such statements are easily disapproved. (We always go to movies... Technically this is far from true/fact)27
7153339336AllegoryA literary work in which characters, objects, or actions represent abstractions28
7153339337AlliterationThe repetition of small sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables29
7153339338AllusionAnd indirect reference,often to another text or a historic event30
7153339339AnalogyA comparison of two different things that are similar in someway31
7153339340AnecdoteA brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event32
7153339341AntecedentThe noun to which a later pronoun refers. ("bike"is the antecedent of "one" in the sentence "the bike was the best one there"33
7153339342Anti-thesisA statement in which two opposing ideas or balance34
7153339343AphorismA concise,statement that expresses succinctly a general truth or idea, often using rhyme or balance35
7153339344AppositiveA word or phrase that renames the nearby noun or pronoun36
7153339345AudienceOnce listener or reader ship; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed37
7153339346AuthorityA reliable, respected source/someone with knowledge38
7153339347Biasprejudice Or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue39
7153339348CiteIdentifying a part of a piece of writing is being derived from a source40
7153339349ClaimIn assertion, usually supported by evidence41
7153339350Close readingA careful reading (analysis) that is attentive to organization, figurative language , sentence structure, vocabulary and other literary and structural elements of a text42
7153339351ColloquialismInformal words or expressions not usually acceptable in formal writing43
7153339352ConcessionA reluctant acknowledgment or yielding44
7153339353Concrete detailsDetails that relate to or describe actual, specific things or events45
7153339354ConnotationThat which is implied by a word, as opposed to the words literal meaning. the feeling of a word46
7153339355Counter argumentA challenge to a position; an opposing argument47
7153339356DeductionReasoning from general to specific48
7153339357DenotationThe literal meaning of the word; it's dictionary definition49
7153339358DictionWord choice50
7153339359DidacticHaving the primary purpose of teaching or instructing51
7153339360DissonanceHarsh, inharmonious , or discordant sounds52
7153339361Double entendreFigure of speech in which a word or phrase can be understood in to Ways (example: new obesity study looks for larger test group)53
7153339362ErnstitiousCharacterized by a deep fanatical love for reading, writing and 49ers football54
7153339363EpigraphA saying or statement on the on the title of work, or used as a heading of a chapter or other section of work55
7153339364FactsThat which, dependent on rhetorical context, supports or obscures truth56
7153339365Figurative languageThe use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect57
7153339366Figure of speechAn expression that strives from literary the fact that rather than conveying a literal meaning58
7153339367ForeshadowingIn a bad sign or warning of what is to come in the future, often subtle and inherently symbolic59
7153339368HyperboleExaggeration for the purpose of emphasis60
7153339369ImageryVivid use of language that evokes a reader senses(sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing61
7153339370IdiomAn expression that cannot be understood from the literal meaning of the words in the expression; or, a regional speech or dialect("Fly on the wall","Cut to the chase", Etc.)62
7153339371ImplicationA suggestion and author or speaker makes(implies) without stating it directly. NOTE: The author/speaker implies; the reader/audience infers63
7153339372InductionReasoning from specific to general64
7153339373InvectiveIn intensely vehement , Highly emotional verbal attack65
7153339374IronyA contradiction between what is said and what is Meant; incongruity between action and results66
7153339375JargonThe specialized language or vocabulary of a particular group or profession67
7153339376JohnsonianMarked by extreme levels of genius, visionary an original thought, creativity, power, allegiance, and Aesthetic Perfection68
7153339377JuxtapositionPlacement of two things side-by-side for emphasis69
7153339378MaximA concise statement, often offering advice;an adage70
7153339379MetaphorA figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison71
7153339380MotifA standard theme, element, or dramatic situation that recurs in various works72
7153339381OxymoronFigure of speech that combines two contradictory terms73
7153339382ParadoxAnd a parent Lee contradictory statement that actually contain some truth("whoever loses his life,shall find it")74
7153339383ParallelismThe use of corresponding Grammatical or syntacticalforms75
7153339384ParodyA humorous imitation of a serious work76
7153339385Parenthetical commentA comment that interrupts the immediate subject, often to quality or explain77
7153339386PedanticOften used to describe the writing style, characterized by an excessive display of learning or scholarship, neroli, stodgily, and often Ostentatiously learned78
7153339387PersonaThe speaker, voice, or character of assumed by the author of a piece of writing79
7153339388PersonificationAssigning life like characteristics in animate objects80
7153339389PropagandaA negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information81
7153339390PurposeOnce intention or objective in a speech or writing82
7153339391RefuteTo discredit an argument, particularly a counter argument83
7153339392Rhetorical questionA question asked merrily for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer84
7153339393SatireThe use of humor to emphasize human weaknesses or imperfections in social institutions(thrSimpson's)85
7153339394sourceA book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information86
7153339395Stream of consciousnessA technique characterized by the continuous unedited flow of conscience experience through the mind recorded on paper.often used in "interior monologue", when the reader is Privy to a character or narrators thoughts87
7153339396SubtextThe content of A work which is not announced explicitly by the characters or author but is implicit or becomes something understood by the reader of the work as a piece unfolds (hidden meaning)88
7153339397SynthesizeCombining are bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex89
7153339398TruthThe subject of much debate90
7153339399UnderstatementThe deliberate representation of something as Lesser in magnitude then it91
7153339400VernacularThe every day speech of a particular country or region, often involving nonstandard usage92
7153339401VoiceIn grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun(Active or passive voice). In rhetoric, A distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing93
7153339402C."Circa" from a specified object94
7153339403E.G."and elsewhere"use when giving an example95
7153339404ET Al." and others" use one suggesting that there are other pertinent data, but not citing them in detail96
7153339405Ibid"In the same place"use when citing a preceding reference97
7153339406I.E"That is" use when restating something98
7153339407Sic"Intentionally so written" Used after he printed word or passage to indicate that it is intended exactly as printed or to indicate that it exactly reproduces an original99

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