Terms : Hide Images
| 5765243790 | Civil Discourse | Disagreeing in a respectful manner and tone. Scripture calls us to be people of virtue. We can offer a positive witness to the gospel. Offer a vigorous yet respectful critique. A way to use argumentation without dishonoring God. | 0 | |
| 5765258444 | Red Herring | An irrelevant piece of information that misleads the audience, and diverts them from original issue -"I know I've made a mistake, but my parents are going to kill me if you tell them" | 1 | |
| 5765267275 | Ad Hominem | Switching the argument from the issue to the character of the other speaker -If you argue that the park in your community should not be renovated because the person supporting it was arrested during a domestic dispute, then that's Ad Hominem | 2 | |
| 5765270939 | Faulty Analogy | Occurs when an analogy compares two things that are not comparable -Because we put animals who are in irreversible pain out of their misery, we should do the same for people, is asking the reader to ignore significant differences | 3 | |
| 5765284352 | Bandwagon | Somebody argues just because everyone else does it -You should elect her because she has a strong lead in the polls | 4 | |
| 5765286635 | Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc | It is incorrect to always claim that something is a cause just because it happened after the other- correlation doesn't imply causation -We elected Johnson as president and got hurricanes and flooding | 5 | |
| 5765291702 | Straw Man | Misrepresenting the opponents argument by picking at it to make them seem weaker -A politician says we put astronauts on Mars, while his opponent says that he just wants to look for aliens. | 6 | |
| 5765297333 | False Dilemma (Either/Or) | Forcing the audience to choose between two things when there may be more options -Either we agree to higher taxes, or our grandchildren will be mired in debt | 7 | |
| 5765299381 | Hasty Generalization | A conclusion based on a small sample, stereotypes -Smoking isn't bad for you, my aunt smoked a pack a day and lived to be 90 | 8 | |
| 5765301095 | Circular Reasoning | The argument repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence, begins with what they are trying to end with -You can't give me a C; I'm an A student! | 9 | |
| 5765304159 | False Authority | Citing an expert who may be irrelevant, and it may not be true, this applies to people who don't have the authority to talk about the points -According to former congressional leader, the Himalayas have an estimated yeti population of between 300 and 500 individuals | 10 | |
| 5765311100 | Slippery Slope | Involves an improbable sequence of events -If you get Direct TV you won't end up in a ditch | 11 | |
| 5765315536 | Quick Fix | Overused catchphrase that is oversimplified -MAGA | 12 | |
| 5765335940 | Evidence | A basis of real persuasion found in data (because) | 13 | |
| 5765423919 | Claim | Arguable assertions (therefore) | 14 | |
| 5765429095 | Assumption | Shared by the speaker (since) | 15 | |
| 5765435327 | Backing | Further assurances or data, without this the assumption lacks authority (on account of) | 16 | |
| 5765447548 | Qualifier | Tempers the claim making it less absolute (usually, probably, maybe) | 17 | |
| 5765453293 | Reservation | Explains the terms and conditions necessitated by the qualifier (unless) | 18 | |
| 5765455083 | Induction | Arranging an argument so that it leads from particulars to universals, using specific cases to draw a conclusion or generalization -Regular exercise promotes weight loss -Exercise lowers stress levels -Exercise improves mood and outlook -Generalization: exercise contributes to better health (Specific examples to general truths) | 19 | |
| 5765476734 | Deduction | When you reach a conclusion by starting with a general principle, or universal truth, and apply it to specific cases, often structured as a syllogism Major Premise- Exercise contributes to better health Minor Premise- Yoga is a type of exercise Conclusion- Yoga contributes to better health | 20 | |
| 5765523134 | Claim of Fact | A claim that asserts that something is true or not true -The number of suicides and homicides committed by teenagers has exploded in the last three decades | 21 | |
| 5765524713 | Claim of Policy | A claim that proposes a change | 22 | |
| 5765526843 | Claim of Value | A claim that argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong | 23 | |
| 5765533334 | Closed Thesis | Lists specific points and limits points of your argument Ex: Harry Potter series is legendary because of its 3 dimensional characters, exciting plot and complex themes | 24 | |
| 5765538096 | Open Thesis | Makes a general statement that will disencumber the argument, does not list points the writer intends to cover in the essay Ex: The popularity of the HP series demonstrates that simplicity trumps complexity when it comes to the taste of readers, both young and old | 25 | |
| 5765546547 | Counter Argument Thesis Statement | A qualifier precedes the authors own opinion usually using words like although or but, the advantage is to this option is that it immediately addresses the argument making it seem stronger and more reasonable Ex: Although the HP series may have some literary merit, its popularity has less to do with storytelling that with merchandising | 26 | |
| 5765551544 | They say/ I say | In his/her (type of text), (title of text), (author's name), (information about the author), (signal verb), that, (paraphrase central claims) Back up claims with evidence | 27 | |
| 5765571584 | Rhetoric | The art and science of persuasion for a particular audience at a specific place in time | 28 | |
| 5765575799 | Rhetorical Appeals | Tools to persuade an audience by emphasizing what they find most compelling (ethos, pathos, logos) | 29 | |
| 5765577605 | Rhetorical Precis | A concise summary of a work that includes information about the author, subject, and purpose | 30 | |
| 5765579015 | Annotation | The taking of notes directly on a text | 31 | |
| 5765587842 | Rhetorical Modes | Exposition, description, argumentation, narration | 32 | |
| 5765589015 | Rhetorical Analysis | The process of critiquing a text or artifact to identify the author's purpose, attitude, and use of stylistic devices | 33 | |
| 5765590510 | Syntax | The arrangement of words and sentences | 34 | |
| 5765612128 | Diction | The speaker's choice of words | 35 | |
| 5765613699 | Ethos | A rhetorical appeal to character; when authors appeal to this, they demonstrate that they are credible and trustworthy to speak on a given topic | 36 | |
| 5765615417 | Pathos | A rhetorical appeal to emotion; when authors appeal to this, they play on values, desires, hopes, fears, prejudices, etc. to emotionally motivate an audience | 37 | |
| 5765617698 | Logos | A rhetorical appeal to logic or reason; when authors appeal to this, they offer clear, rational ideas by using specific details, examples, facts, statistics, and expert testimony | 38 | |
| 5765619684 | SOAPSTone | A mnemonic device that stands for Subject (actual meaning), Occasion, Audience, Purpose (what it literally says), and Speaker, the elements that make up the rhetorical situation | 39 | |
| 5765621023 | Satire | The use of irony or sarcasm to critique society or an individual | 40 | |
| 5765622830 | Understatement | A figure of speech in which something is presented as less important, dire, urgent, good, etc. than it actually is often for satiric or comic effect | 41 | |
| 5765624058 | Metaphor | Figure of speech that compares two things without using like or as | 42 | |
| 5765634030 | Hyperbole/Overstatement | Deliberate exaggeration used for emphasis or to produce a comic or ironic effect; an overstatement to make a point. | 43 | |
| 5765636380 | Irony | The expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect. | 44 | |
| 5765643467 | Parallelism | When the writer establishes similar patterns of grammatical structure and length | 45 | |
| 5765671317 | Anaphora | Repetition of beginning clauses | 46 | |
| 5765674008 | Epistrophe | Repetition of concluding word | 47 | |
| 5765675970 | Antithesis | Contrary ideas expressed in a balanced sentence, can be contrast of opposites | 48 | |
| 5765678507 | Zeugma | Artfully using one verb with two or more different objects | 49 | |
| 5765690239 | Polysyndeton | Using many conjunctions to achieve an overwhelming effect | 50 | |
| 5765691359 | Asyndeton | Using no conjunctions to create an effect of speed and simplicity | 51 | |
| 5765727628 | Hortative Sentences | More of a suggestion; used when you are advising some or calling something to action. urging someone and imperative is a necessary action | 52 | |
| 5765731336 | Imperative Sentences | Gives advice or instructions or that expresses a request or command | 53 | |
| 5765745811 | Rhetorically accurate/active verbs | A rhetorically accurate verb is an action word that describes the kind of action taken. | 54 | |
| 5765766323 | Archaic | Old fashioned | 55 | |
| 5765768431 | Colloquial | Not formal | 56 |
