AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!

AP Language and Composition Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
6637936914Ad hominem argumentAn argument that attacks the opposing speaker or another person rather than addressing the issues at hand Attacks the opposing speaker or another person rather than addressing the issues at hand. Example:A lawyer attacking a defendant's character rather than addressing or questioning based on the case, e.g., in a case of theft pointing out the defendant's level of poverty.0
6637936915Antithesis(n.) the direct opposite, a sharp contrast. Example: "Whereas she was boisterous, I was reserved"1
6637936916ApotheosisNoun:elevation to divine status; the perfect example of something. Example: A Cult leader2
6637936917AppositiveNoun: A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun. Example: "The luxury train, The Orient Express, crosses Europe from Paris to Istanbul in just twenty-six hours"3
6637936918AssonanceNoun: Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity. Example: The pot's rocky, pocked surface.4
6637936919Asyndetonnoun: Commas used (with no conjunction) to separate a series of words, speeds up flow of sentence. X, Y, Z as opposed to X, Y, and Z. Example: I came, I saw, I conquered"5
6637936920AttitudeNoun: Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events. Example: Tones in literature like sadness and anger.6
6637936921BathosVerb: the use of insincere or overdone sentimentality Example: He spent his final hour of life doing what he loved most: arguing with his wife.7
6637936922ContrastNoun:The state of being noticeably different from something else when put or considered together. Example:Striking contrast between the clouds and the clear blue sky.8
6637936924Elegiac, elegyNoun: a mournful poem; a lament for the dead Example: Speech at a funereal.9
6637936925EthosCredibility Example: "As a doctor, I am qualified to tell you that this course of treatment will likely generate the best results"10
6637936926ExpositionNoun: A comprehensive description and explanation of an idea or theory. Example: The famous story for children titled "The three little bears"11
6637936927FictionNoun: literature in the form of prose, especially short stories and novels, that describes imaginary events and people. Example: Imaginary characters12
6637936928Figurative languageNoun: language that contains or uses figures of speech, especially metaphors. Example: metaphor, simile, etc13
6637936929ForeshadowingVerb: be a warning or indication of (a future event). Example:In the balcony scene, Juliet is concerned about Romeo's safety as she fears her kinsmen may catch him. Romeo says, in the above lines, that he would rather have her love and die sooner than not obtain her love and die later. Eventually, he gets her love and dies for her love, too.14
6637936930GrammarNoun: the whole system and structure of a language or of languages in general, usually taken as consisting of syntax and morphology (including inflections) and sometimes also phonology and semantics. Example: Verb, noun, adverb15
6637936931Image/ imageryNoun: visually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work. Example: He fumed and charged like an angry bull.16
6637936932Irony/ ironicNoun:the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect Example:When a tiny dog is named Giant.17
6637936933JuxtapositionNoun:the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect. Example:Two siblings in a story are opposites-one is always good and one is always evil.18
6637936934LogosNoun: Appeal to logic Example:All men are mortal.Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.19
6637936935MetaphorNoun: a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable Example: All the world's a stage.20
6637936936MetonymyNoun: the substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant, for example suit for business executive, or the track for horse racing. Example: The pen is mightier than the sword.21
6637936937MoodNoun: a temporary state of mind or feeling Example:Disneyland: The happiest place on earth.22
6637936938OnomatopoeiaNoun: the formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named. Example: Boom, Pow, etc.23
6637936939OverviewVerb: give a general review or summary of. Example: Reporters on specific novels.24
6637936940OxymoronNoun: a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction Example: Faith and unfaithful25
6637956079Pacing or narrative pacingstylistic device, which shows how fast a story unfolds. Examples: Cliffhangers and Dialogue, etc.26
6638274063ParadoxNoun:a statement or proposition that, despite sound (or apparently sound) reasoning from acceptable premises, leads to a conclusion that seems senseless, logically unacceptable, or self-contradictory Example:Your enemy's friend is your enemy.27
6647441412ParallelismNoun: the use of successive verbal constructions in poetry or prose that correspond in grammatical structure, sound, meter, meaning, etc. Example: At sea, on land, in the air, we will be loyal to the very end.28
6638274064ParodyVerb: produce a humorously exaggerated imitation of Example: Scary Movie for horror movies29
6638274065PathosNoun: a quality that evokes pity or sadness Example:Ads encouraging donations, show small children living in pathetic conditions to evoke pity in people to urge them to donate for the cause.30
6638274066PersonNoun: a category used in the classification of pronouns, possessive determiners, and verb forms, according to whether they indicate the speaker (first person), the addressee (second person), or a third party (third person). Example: First, second, and third person31
6638274067PersonaNoun: a role or character adopted by an author or an actor. Example: A businessman wants others to think that he is very powerful and successful. He drives a fancy car, buys a big house, wears expensive clothing and talks down to people that he thinks are below him on the social ladder. The persona he presents to the world is that he is a rich guy but not very nice or compassionate.32
6638274068PersonificationNoun: the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form. Example: Lightning danced across the sky.33
6638274069Point of viewNoun: (in fictional writing) the narrator's position in relation to the story being told. Example: first person= I, me, etc.34
6638274070PunNoun: a joke exploiting the different possible meanings of a word or the fact that there are words that sound alike but have different meanings. Example: too much in the sun. In hamlet35
6638274071RepetitionNoun: the action of repeating something that has already been said or written. Example: Because I do not hope to turn again Because I do not hope Because I do not hope to turn...36
6638274072Rhetoric, rhetorical purposeNoun: the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques. Example: to persuade, to analyze, or to expose.37
6638274073Rhetorical, or narrative, strategyStrategy is a plan of action or movement to achieve a goal. Example: Allusion, alliteration, etc.38
6638274074Rhetorical, or stylistic, devicesSpecific language tools that an author uses to carry out a rhetorical strategy to achieve a purpose in writing. Example: Diction, Imagery, etc.39
6638274075Rhetorical questionNoun: a question asked in order to create a dramatic effect or to make a point rather than to get an answer. Example: who cares?40
6638274076SatireNoun: the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues. Example: Gulliver's Tavern41
6638274077Selection of detailThe specific words, incidents, images, or events the author used to create a scene. Example: Her fingernails were gaudily painted, but badly bitten and not clean.42
6638274078SimileNoun: a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid. Example: He was tall as a tree.43
6638274079SpeakerNoun: Voice behind the poem or story Example: The speaker in Frost's poem "The Road Not Taken" is a conflicted person, who does not tell anything about himself.44
6638274080SyllogismNoun: an instance of a form of reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn (whether validly or not) from two given or assumed propositions (premises), each of which shares a term with the conclusion, and shares a common or middle term not present in the conclusion Example: all dogs are animals; all animals have four legs; therefore all dogs have four legs45
6638274081SymbolNoun: a mark or character used as a conventional representation of an object, function, or process. Example: American Flag46
6638274082SynonymNoun: a word or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word or phrase in the same language Example: shut=close47
6638274083SyntaxNoun: the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. Example: The big blue sky beckoned her.48
6638274084TensionFeeling excitement and expectation that the reader or audience feels. Example: Two people staring at each other with intent of violence.49
6638274085TextureNoun: The quality created by the combination of the different elements in a work of music or literature. Example: If the author's prose is rough or smooth.50
6638274086ThemeNoun: the subject of a talk, a piece of writing, a person's thoughts, or an exhibition; a topic. Example: Risk, loyalty, bravery, etc.51
6638274087ToneNoun: the general character or attitude of a place, piece of writing, situation, etc. Example: irony, humorous, etc.52
6638274088UnderstatementNoun: the presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is. Example: Destructive monsoon as "a bit of wind".53
6638274089Voiceformat through which narrators tell their stories Example: loud, soft, etc.54
6638274090ZeugmaNoun: a figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different senses Example: John and his license expired last week.55

Need Help?

We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.

For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.

If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.

Need Notes?

While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!