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AP Language and Composition Glossary of Literary and Rhetorical Terms

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1958412Abstract LanguageLauguage descirbing ideas and qualities rather than observable or specific things, people or places.
1958413Active voiceThe subject of the sentence performs the action.
1958414AllusionAn indirect reference to something with which the reader is supposed to be familiar.
1958415AmbiguityAn event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way.
1958416AnalogyA comparison to a directly parallel case.
1958417AnecdoteA brief recounting of a relevant episode.
1958418AnnotationExplanatory notes added to a text to explain, clarify, or prompt futher thought.
1958419AntecedentThe word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.
1958420ApostropheA figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. The effect may add familiarity or emotional intensity.
1958421Attitude of the author/toneA writer's attitude toward his subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization.
1958422ClassicismArt or literature characterized by a realistic view of people and the world; sticks to traditional themes and structures.
1958423Concrete LanguageLanguage that describes specific, observable things, peoples or places, rather than ideas or qualities.
1958424DictionWord choice, particularly as an element of style.
1958425ColloquialOrdinary or familiar type of conversation.
1958426ConnotationImplied meaning rather than literal meaning.
1958427Denotationthe literal, explicit meaning of a word, without its connotations.
1958428JargonThe diction used by a group which practices a similar profession or activity.
1958429VernacularLanguage or dialect of a particular country, language or dialect of a regional clan or group, plain everyday speech.
1958430DidacticA term used to describe fiction, nonfiction or poety that teaches a specific lesson or moral or provides a model of correct behavior or thinking.
1958431AdageA folk saying with a lesson
1958432AllegoryA story, fictional or non fictional, in which characters, things, and events represent qualities or concepts.
1958433AphorismA terse statement which expresses a general truth or moral principle.
1958434HomilyThis term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.
1958435EllipsisThe deliberate omission of a word or phrase from prose done for effect by the author.
1958436EpigramA short poem with a clever twist at the end, or a concise and witty statement.
1958437EpigraphA quotation or aphorism at the beginnning of a literary work suggestive of theme.
1958438EuphemismA more agreeable or less offensive substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts.
1958439ExplicationThe act of interpreting or discovering the meaning of a text.
1958440Figurative LanguageThe opposite of "literal language"; writing that is not meant to be taken literally
1958441HyperboleExaggeration
1958442IdiomA common, often used expression that doesn't make sense if you take it literally.
1958443MetaphorMaking an implied comparsion, not using "like," "as," or other such words.
1958444SimileUsing words such as "like" or "as" to make a direct comparison between two very different things.
1958445GenreThe major category into which a literary work fits.
1958446GothicWriting characterized by gloom, mystery, fear and/or death.
1958447ImageryWord or words that create a picture in the reader's mind.
1958448InvectiveAn emotionall violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.
1958449IronyWhen the opposite of what you expect to happen does.
1958450Verbal ironyWhen you say something and mean the opposite/something different.
1958451Dramatic ironyWhen the audience of a drama, play, movie, etc. knows something that the character doesn't and would be surprised to find out.
1958452Situational ironyFound in the plot of a book, story, or movie.
1958453JuxtapositionPlacing things side by side for the purposes of comparison.
1958454MoodThe atmosphere created by the literature and accomplished through word choice.
1958455ObjectivityAn author's stance that distances himself from personal involvement.
1958456OxymoronWhen apparently contradictory terms are grouped together and suggest a paradox.
1958457ParadoxA seemingly contradictory statement which is actually true.
1958458Parallelism/parallel structureSentence construction which places equal grammatical construction near each other, or repeats identical grammatical patterns.
1958459AnaphoraRepetition or a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row.
1958460AntithesisTwo opposite or contrasting words, phrases, or clauses, or even ideas, with parallel structure.
1958461Parenthetical ideaAn idea that is set off from the rest of the sentence.
1958462ParodyAn exaggerated imitation of a serious work for humorous purposes.
1958463Passive voiceThe subject of the sentence receives the action.
1958464PedanticObserving strict adherence to formal rules or literal meaning at the expense of a wider view.
1958465PersonaThe fictional mask or narrator that tells a story.
1958466RhetoricThe art of effective communication.
1958467Rhetorical questionA question not asked for information but for effect.
1958468RomanticismArt or literature characterized by an idealistic, perhaps unrealistic view of people and the world, and an emphasis on nature.
1958469SarcasmA generally bitter comment that is ironically worded.
1958470SatireA work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of life to a humorous effect.
1958471SentenceA group of words (including subject and verb) that expresses a complete thought.
1958472AppositiveA word or group or words placed beside a noun or noun substitute to supplement its meaning.
1958473ClauseA grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb.
1958474Simple sentenceContains one independent clause.
1958475Compound sentenceContains at least two independent clauses but no dependent clauses.
1958476Complex sentenceContains only one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
1958477Compound-complex sentencecontains two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
1958478Balanced sentenceOne in which two parallel elements are set off against each other like equal weights on a scale.
1958479Loose sentenceA complex sentence in which the main clause comes first and the subordinate clause follows.
1958480Periodic sentenceWhen the main idea is not completed until the end of the sentence.
1958481Declarative sentenceStates an idea
1958482Imperative sentenceIssues a command.
1958483Interrogative sentenceSentences incorporating interrogative pronouns.
1958484StyleThe choices in diction, tone, and syntax that a writer makes.
1958485SymbolAnything that represents or stands for somthing else.
1958486Syntax/sentence varietyGrammatical arrangement of words.
1958487ThemeThe central idea or message of a work.
1958488ThesisThe sentence or groups of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or proposition.
1958489TransitionSmooth movement from one paragraph (or idea) to another.
1958490Understatementthe ironice minimizing of fact, presents something as less significant than it is.
1958491LitotesA particular form of understatement, generated by denying the opposite of the statement which otherwise would be used.

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