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AP Language and Composition: Grammar Flashcards

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4975158313Infinitive phraseto+ verb (ex: Daydreaming about summer, I missed the assignment)0
4975235248PronounTakes place as the subject (noun) examples include he, she, her, him, etc.1
4975334688Compound SentenceTwo or more independent clauses (can stand alone) conjoined together (FANBOYS, colon or semicolon)2
4975344671Complex SentenceOne or more dependent clauses joined to an independent clause (think J and H).3
4975354700Dependent ClauseWill begin with a subordination conjunction (ex: after, when, because) OR as relative pro-noun (that, which, who, whom)4
4975959217Compound- Complex sentenceOne compound sentence joined to a complex sentence5
4975966141AppositiveA noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it. (Ex: The insect, a cockroach, is crawling across the table)6
4975975944Loose SentenceA basic statement with a string of detail added to it. (Ex: Education has no equal in opening minds, instilling values, and creating opportunities)7
4975987682Periodic SentenceAdditional details are placed before the basic statement (Ex: In opening minds, instilling values, and creating opportunities education has no equal)8
4976003504Parallel SentenceGrammatical/structural similarities between sentences or parts of a sentence. (Ex: In the last minute of the game, John intercepted the football, evaded the tacklers, and scored a touchdown)9
4976030091Balanced SentenceTwo parallel elements set off against each other like equal weights on a scale (Ex: One studies in order to learn, but one learns in order to live)10
4976040136Simple SentenceContains a subject and a verb, it expresses a complete thought.11
4976049002Indicative moodThis means "Stating a fact". The indicative mood is a category of verb forms that we use to state facts.12
4976072621Imperative moodThis means "Expressing an order", The imperative mood is a category of verb forms that we use to express orders, instructions, commands or requests.13
4976091012Subjunctive moodThe subjunctive mood is a category of verb forms that we use to express things that are not facts: wishes, possibilities, doubts, suggestions, conditions, etc.14
4976109037Present participleEnding in -ing15
4976111435Past ParticipleUsually ending in -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n16
4976115719Exclamatory sentenceThis expresses excitement of emotion. It ends with an exclamation mark (!)17
4976170293Imperative sentenceThis is a command or a polite request. It ends with an exclamation mark or period. (Ex: Fetch my umbrella!)18
4976182833Interrogative SentenceThis asks a question. Ends with (?)19
4976194936Declarative SentenceThis states a fact or an argument and ends with a period.20
4976201600InterjectionThis is a word used to express a particular emotion or sentiment on the part of the speaker (Ex: ahm)21
4976252825ColonColons are used for L.E.Q. (Lists, Explanation, Quote)22
4976264363IdiomAn expression whose meaning is not predictable and varies from country to country.23
4976298621PrepositionAny word that describes the relation between the squirrel and a tree24
4976324259ConnotationA meaning that a word evokes other than its normal meaning25
4976340278JargonThe language used in a specific trade26
4976392781GerundA verb (-ing) that acts as a noun27
4976453604Adverbial PhraseIt is something that describes or modifies the verbs (I will sit quietly.(normal adverb) I will sit in silence.(adverbial phrase)28
4976509090Comma SplicesThe join together two independent clauses that would really rather be apart.29
4976602430CommasUse commas for: lists, FANBOYS, unnecessary info, when starting a sentence with if or when, commas after however or therefore30
4976648111SemicolonKind of like a period or comma. It joins together two independent clauses that are related. Can also be used to separate complicated lists with lots of commas.31

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