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AP Language and Composition: Grammar Flashcards

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9524973345Infinitive phraseto+ verb (ex: Daydreaming about summer, I missed the assignment)0
9524973346PronounTakes place as the subject (noun) examples include he, she, her, him, etc.1
9524973347Compound SentenceTwo or more independent clauses (can stand alone) conjoined together (FANBOYS, colon or semicolon)2
9524973348Complex SentenceOne or more dependent clauses joined to an independent clause (think J and H).3
9524973349Dependent ClauseWill begin with a subordination conjunction (ex: after, when, because) OR as relative pro-noun (that, which, who, whom)4
9524973350Compound- Complex sentenceOne compound sentence joined to a complex sentence5
9524973351AppositiveA noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it. (Ex: The insect, a cockroach, is crawling across the table)6
9524973352Loose SentenceA basic statement with a string of detail added to it. (Ex: Education has no equal in opening minds, instilling values, and creating opportunities)7
9524973353Periodic SentenceAdditional details are placed before the basic statement (Ex: In opening minds, instilling values, and creating opportunities education has no equal)8
9524973354Parallel SentenceGrammatical/structural similarities between sentences or parts of a sentence. (Ex: In the last minute of the game, John intercepted the football, evaded the tacklers, and scored a touchdown)9
9524973355Balanced SentenceTwo parallel elements set off against each other like equal weights on a scale (Ex: One studies in order to learn, but one learns in order to live)10
9524973356Simple SentenceContains a subject and a verb, it expresses a complete thought.11
9524973357Indicative moodThis means "Stating a fact". The indicative mood is a category of verb forms that we use to state facts.12
9524973358Imperative moodThis means "Expressing an order", The imperative mood is a category of verb forms that we use to express orders, instructions, commands or requests.13
9524973359Subjunctive moodThe subjunctive mood is a category of verb forms that we use to express things that are not facts: wishes, possibilities, doubts, suggestions, conditions, etc.14
9524973360Present participleEnding in -ing15
9524973361Past ParticipleUsually ending in -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n16
9524973362Exclamatory sentenceThis expresses excitement of emotion. It ends with an exclamation mark (!)17
9524973363Imperative sentenceThis is a command or a polite request. It ends with an exclamation mark or period. (Ex: Fetch my umbrella!)18
9524973364Interrogative SentenceThis asks a question. Ends with (?)19
9524973365Declarative SentenceThis states a fact or an argument and ends with a period.20
9524973366InterjectionThis is a word used to express a particular emotion or sentiment on the part of the speaker (Ex: ahm)21
9524973367ColonColons are used for L.E.Q. (Lists, Explanation, Quote)22
9524973368IdiomAn expression whose meaning is not predictable and varies from country to country.23
9524973369PrepositionAny word that describes the relation between the squirrel and a tree24
9524973370ConnotationA meaning that a word evokes other than its normal meaning25
9524973371JargonThe language used in a specific trade26
9524973372GerundA verb (-ing) that acts as a noun27
9524973373Adverbial PhraseIt is something that describes or modifies the verbs (I will sit quietly.(normal adverb) I will sit in silence.(adverbial phrase)28
9524973374Comma SplicesThe join together two independent clauses that would really rather be apart.29
9524973375CommasUse commas for: lists, FANBOYS, unnecessary info, when starting a sentence with if or when, commas after however or therefore30
9524973376SemicolonKind of like a period or comma. It joins together two independent clauses that are related. Can also be used to separate complicated lists with lots of commas.31

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