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AP Language and Composition Key Words Flashcards

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6664016865ExemplicationProviding a series of examples, turns a general idea into a concrete idea, often helps clarify or illustrate a point or argument, Often used in inductive arguments (reasoning from specifics pieces of evidence to a more general conclusion)0
6664016866DescriptionThe purpose of this rhetorical mode is to re-create, invent, or visually present a person, place, event, or action so that the reader can picture that being described. Sometimes an author engages all five senses.1
6664016867ExpositionA literary device used to introduce background information about events, settings, characters etc. to the audience or readers. The word comes from the Latin language and its literal2
6664016868NarrationTelling a story or recounting a series of events, may be real or fictional, usually governed by chronology, and must support a thesis3
6664016869ArgumentationThe purpose of this rhetorical mode is to prove the validity of an idea, or point of view, by presenting sound reasoning, discussion, and argument that thoroughly convince the reader.4
6664073440Compare and ContrastJuxtaposing two things to highlight their similarities and differences5
6664073441Process Analysisexplaining step by step how to do something or how something is done6
6664073442Definition Analysis7
6666868088Ethos (appeal to authority)Sense the author gives as being fair/competent/authority: Trustworthiness, credibility, expert testimony, reliable sources, fairness8
6666870655Logos (appeal to logic/reasoning)Logic/Reasoning Ability: Facts, Case Studies, Statistics, Experiments, Logical Reasoning, Analogies, Anecdotes, Authority9
6666873845Pathos (appealAppeal to beliefs and feelings and higher emotions: fear, love, pity, greed, lust, revenge10
6666886804Tonethe general character or attitude of a place, piece of writing, situation11
6666894095Subjecta person or thing that is being discussed, described, or dealt with.12
6666894096Purposethe reason for which something is done or created or for which something exists.13
6666895155Audiencethe person for whom a writer writes, or composer composes. A writer uses a particular style of language, tone, and content according to what he knows about his audience. In simple words, audience refers to the spectators, listeners, and intended readers of a writing, performance, or speech.14
6666896600Occasionan environment of ideas, attitudes, and emotions that swirl around a broad issue, an event or situation that catches the writer's attention and triggers a response.15
6666911371GeneralizationAs a broad statement or an idea that applies to a group of people or things. Oftentimes, generalizations are not entirely true, because there may be examples of individuals or situations wherein the generalization does not apply.16
6666911372Anecdotea short and interesting story or an amusing event often proposed to support or demonstrate some point and make readers and listeners laugh. Anecdotes can include an extensive range of tales and stories.17
6666913720Hypothetical Examplecircumstance, condition, scenario, or situation: OK, let's consider this possibility then—just as a hypothetical18
6666914831Social-Typical Example19
6666914832Personal ExampleAn example about you, related to you or affecting you, as opposed to the outside world or to anyone else.20
6666916176Open ThesisA one to two sentence condensation of the argument and/or topic to follow.21
6666916177Closed ThesisThe thesis is a declarative sentence. It is a clear, specific statement, which states the main point of a the paper, thereby limiting the topic and indicating the researcher's approach to the topic.22
6666917832Counterclaim ThesisA claim that negates or disagrees with the thesis/claim.23
6666920191Deductive Reasoningis a logical process in which a conclusion is based on the concordance of multiple premises that are generally assumed to be true.24
6666920192Inductive ReasoningInduction is known as a conclusion reached through reasoning. An inductive statement is derived using facts and instances which lead to the formation of a general opinion.25
6666922189Assertionis a stylistic approach or technique involving a strong declaration, a forceful or confident and positive statement regarding a belief or an fact26
6666922190Syllogisma deductive scheme of a formal argument consisting of a major and a minor premise and a conclusion (as in "every virtue is laudable; kindness is a virtue; therefore kindness is laudable")27
6666923003PremiseA proposition antecedently supposed or proved; something previously stated or assumed as the basis of further argument; a condition; a supposition.28
6666926364Conclusion"finally, to sum up," and is used to introduce some final comments at the end of a speech or piece of writing. The phrase jump to conclusions means "to come to a judgment without enough evidence." A foregone conclusion is an outcome that seems certain.29
6666926365Digressions a stylistic device authors employ to create a temporary departure from the main subject of the narrative to focus on apparently unrelated topics, explaining background details30
6666927421Antithesismeans opposite and is used as a literary device to put two contrasting ideas together. This emphasizes the difference between the two ideas and adds interest to writing31
6666927422ImplicationThe act of implicating or the condition of being implicated. The act of implying or the condition of being implied. Something that is implied, especially: a. An indirect indication; a suggestion.32
6666928260Dilemmawhich means double proposition, or perplexing situation, which presents two different possibilities, and both of them seem practically acceptable33
6666928261Concessionis a literary device used in argumentative writing where one acknowledges a point made by one's opponent. It allows for different opinions and approaches toward an issue, indicating an understanding of what causes the actual debate or controversy34
6666928262RefutationThe literary term refutation denotes that part of an argument where a speaker or a writer encounters contradicting points of view. Alternatively, refutation can be described as the negation of an argument, opinion, testimony, doctrine, or theory, through contradicting evidence35
6666929865Qualifying ClaimQualifiers are words like "some" or "many" or "most" or "often" etc that differentiate a fact or claim from concepts such as "all" or "always".36
6666929866Claim of FactA claim of fact posits whether something is true or untrue, but there must always be the potential for controversy, conflict and conversion37
6666930584Claim of ValueAttempt to prove that some things are more or less desirable than others. Express approval or disapproval or taste and morality. Make a judgment Claim of Value Attempt to prove some action, belief, or condition is right or wrong, good or bad.38
6666931553Claim of PolicyClaims of policy typically provide a solution or another series of questions in response to the claims of fact.39
6687670921Declarative SentenceAlso known as a statement. A declarative sentence makes a statement and ends with a period.40
6687737146Interrogatory SentenceAn interrogative sentence is a sentence whose grammatical form indicates that it is a question.41
6687756124Exclamatory sentenceAn exclamatory sentence, or exclamation, is a more forceful version of a declarative sentence. In other words, an exclamatory sentence makes a statement (just like a declarative sentence), but it also conveys excitement or emotion. An exclamatory sentence ends with an exclamation mark (!)42
6687779626Imperative sentencean imperative sentence is a type of sentence that gives advice or instructions or that expresses a request or command.43
6687788709Dependent/Subordinate clauseA dependent clause is a group of words with a subject and a verb. It does not express a complete thought so it is not a sentence and can't stand alone. A subordinate clause, typically introduced by a conjunction, that forms part of and is dependent on a main clause (e.g., "when it rang" in "she answered the phone when it rang").44
6687807553Independent/Insubordinate clauseAn independent clause is a sentence. An insubordinate clause consists of a subject and a verb and conveys a complete thought.45
6687845579Simple SentenceA sentence consisting of only one clause, with a single subject and predicate.46
6687853746Complex SentenceA sentence containing a subordinate clause or clauses.47
6687870978Compound SentenceA sentence with more than one subject or predicate.48
6687894384Compound- Complex SentenceA sentence having two or more coordinate independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.49
6687902607NounA word (other than a pronoun) used to identify any of a class of people, places, or things common noun, or to name a particular one of these proper noun.50
6687912952VerbA word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence, and forming the main part of the predicate of a sentence, such as hear, become, happen.51
6687917839AdverbA word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb or a word group, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc. (e.g., gently, quite, then, there ).52
6687948653GerundA form that is derived from a verb but that functions as a noun, in English ending in -ing, e.g., asking in do you mind my asking you?53
6687954305InfinitiveThe basic form of a verb, without an inflection binding it to a particular subject or tense (e.g., see in we came to see, let him see ).54
6687984476InterjectionAn abrupt remark, made especially as an aside or interruption.55
6687996388ParticipleA word formed from a verb (e.g., going, gone, being, been ) and used as an adjective (e.g., working woman, burned toast ) or a noun (e.g., good breeding ). In English, participles are also used to make compound verb forms (e.g., is going, has been ).56
6687999253Appropriate Verb TenseThe simple verb tenses are past, present, and future. Progressive tenses use a form of the verb "to be" along with the -ing form of the verb to indicate continual or recurring action.57
6688006166Subject/verb agreementWhen two or more singular nouns or pronouns are connected by or or nor, use a singular verb.58
6688010357pronoun agreement (incorrect gender agreement)An antecedent is a word for which a pronoun stands. ( ante = "before") The pronoun must agree with its antecedent in number. Rule: A singular pronoun must replace a singular noun; a plural pronoun must replace a plural noun.59
6688103453IdiomsA group of words established by usage as having a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words (e.g., rain cats and dogs, see the light ).60
6688103454QualificationA statement or assertion that makes another less absolute.61
6688109586ChiasmusA rhetorical or literary figure in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form; e.g. 'Poetry is the record of the best and happiest moments of the happiest and best minds.'.62
6688109587Parallel structureParallel structure (also called parallelism) is the repetition of a chosen grammatical form within a sentence. By making each compared item or idea in your sentence follow the same grammatical pattern, you create a parallel construction.63
6688117375Juvenalian SatireBitter and ironic criticism of contemporary persons and institutions that is filled with personal invective, angry moral indignation, and pessimism.64
6688126035Horatian SatireSatire in which the voice is indulgent, tolerant, amused, and witty. The speaker holds up to gentle ridicule the absurdities and follies of human beings.65
6688128094Allegory/parableA story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one. A parable is a simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson, as told by Jesus in the Gospels.66
6688164857AmbiguityThe quality of being open to more than one interpretation; inexactness.67
6688225226DiminutionIt reduces the size of something in order that it may be made to appear ludicrous, or in order to be closely examined. ... A diminutive satire is Gulliver's Travels.68
6688173266Exaggeration (caricature and burlesque)A statement that represents something as better or worse than it really is. A caricature is a character who is given a combination of oversimplified and exaggerated characteristics and features. The characteristic device of burlesque is mockery of both high and low through association with their opposites: a burlesque of high and low life.69
6688816447Distortionthe action of distorting or the state of being distorted.70
6688818369Farcea comic dramatic work using buffoonery and horseplay and typically including crude characterization and ludicrously improbable situations.71
6688821638Incongruitythe state of being incongruous or out of keeping. "the incongruity of his fleshy face and skinny body disturbed her"72
6688824446Innuendoan allusive or oblique remark or hint, typically a suggestive or disparaging one.73
6688824447Invectiveinsulting, abusive, or highly critical language. "he let out a stream of invective"74
6688842459Knaves and foolsThe knaves expose the fools who are acting naive. KNAVES & FOOLS. Comical satire occurs when the knaves poke fun of the fools when they are "asking" for trouble.75
6688842491Malapropismthe mistaken use of a word in place of a similar-sounding one, often with unintentionally amusing effect, as in, for example, "dance a flamingo " (instead of flamenco ).76
6688862706Oxymorona figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction (e.g., faith unfaithful kept him falsely true ).77
6688864834Parodyan imitation of the style of a particular writer, artist, or genre with deliberate exaggeration for comic effect. "the movie is a parody of the horror genre"78
6688864835Reductionthe action or fact of making a specified thing smaller or less in amount, degree, or size. "talks on arms reduction"79
6688877651ReversalTo enlarge, increase, or represent something beyond. normal bounds so that it becomes ridiculous and its faults can be seen. OR a change to an opposite direction, position, or course of action.80
6688877652Understatementthe presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is. "a master of English understatement"81
6688881195Situational IronyImage result for Situational Ironyinfograph.venngage.com situational irony. noun. irony involving a situation in which actions have an effect that is opposite from what was intended, so that the outcome is contrary to what was expected82
6688883505Cosmic Ironycosmic irony. noun. the idea that fate, destiny, or a god controls and toys with human hopes and expectations; also, the belief that the universe is so large and man is so small that the universe is indifferent to the plight of man; also called irony of fate.83
6688883506Verbal IronyVerbal Irony is when words express something contrary to truth or someone says the opposite of what they really feel or mean. Verbal irony is often sarcastic.84
6689135038Socratic Ironywhen you pretend to be ignorant to expose the ignorance or inconsistency of someone else.85
6689143675AllusionAn allusion is a figure of speech that refers to a well-known story, event, person, or object in order to make a comparison in the readers' minds.86
6689143676Hypothesisa prediction. It is an educated guess as to how a scientific experiment will turn out. It is an educated guess because it is based on previous research, training, observation, and a review of the relevant research literature.87
6689146865Colloquialismcolloquialism is the use of informal words, phrases or even slang in a piece of writing. Colloquial expressions tend to sneak in as writers, being part of a society, are influenced by the way people speak in that society.88
6689160778Formal dictionFormal diction is a style of writing or speaking that uses complicated sentence structures, perfect grammatical form, and a wide range of vocabulary words.89
6689163523Informal dictionis the relaxed, conversational language that we use every day. Informal diction is used to address a familiar audience such as family or friends.90
6689165340Periodic Sentence StructureA periodic sentence has the main clause or predicate at the end. This is used for emphasis and can be persuasive by putting reasons for something at the beginning before the final point is made. It can also create suspense or interest for the reader.91
6689165341ConnotationConnotation refers to a meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing which it describes explicitly.92
6689166915DenotationDenotation is generally defined as literal or dictionary meanings of a word in contrast to its connotative or associated meanings.93
6689169279Frame of Referencea structure of concepts, values, customs, views, etc., by means of which an individual or group perceives or evaluates data, communicates ideas, and regulates behavior.94
6689169280DictionDiction can be defined as style of speaking or writing determined by the choice of words by a speaker or a writer.95
6689171974Abstract generalizationwhen a write bases a claim upon an isolated example or asserts that a claim is certain rather than probable96
6689171975JargonJargon is a literary term that is defined as a use of specific phrases and words by writers in a particular situation, profession or trade. These specialized terms are used to convey hidden meanings accepted and understood in that field.97
6689174307JuxtapositionJuxtaposition is a literary technique in which two or more ideas, places, characters and their actions are placed side by side in a narrative or a poem for the purpose of developing comparisons and contrasts.98
6689174308Antecedentantecedent is a literary device in which a word or pronoun in a line or sentence refers to an earlier word, for instance, "while giving treats to children or friends offer them whatever they like."99
6691525030AbstractionAbstract: Used as a noun, the term refers to a short summary or outline of a longer work. As an adjective applied to writing or literary works, abstract refers to words or phrases that name things not knowable through the five senses.100
6691526291Abstract nouna noun denoting an idea, quality, or state rather than a concrete object. "the website contains considerably more abstract nouns than hard facts"101
6691535766LexiconIn an over-simplified sense, we might say lexicon is a fancy term scholars use when most people would simply say dictionary, i.e., a complete list of words and their definitions. To be more accurate, we might define lexicon as all the material found in the dictionary--i.e., a list of all the available terms in a language's lexis.102
6691535767AllusionAllusion is a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance. It does not describe in detail the person or thing to which it refers.103
6691537486AnalogyAnalogy The comparison of two things, which are alike in several respects, for the purpose of explaining or clarifying some unfamiliar or difficult idea or object by showing how the idea or object is similar to some familiar one.104
6691537487AnecdoteAnecdote is defined as a short and interesting story or an amusing event often proposed to support or demonstrate some point and make readers and listeners laugh. Anecdotes can include an extensive range of tales and stories.105
6691576808Panegyrica public speech or published text in praise of someone or something. "Vera's panegyric on friendship"106
6691576809AntihesisAntithesis, literal meaning opposite, is a rhetorical device in which two opposite ideas are put together in a sentence to achieve a contrasting effect.107
6691578009ApostropheIn literature, apostrophe is a figure of speech sometimes represented by exclamation "O". A writer or a speaker, using an apostrophe, detaches himself from the reality and addresses an imaginary character in his speech.108
6691579437AssertionWhen someone makes a statement investing his strong belief in it, as if it is true though it may not be, he is making an assertion. Assertion is a stylistic approach or technique involving a strong declaration, a forceful or confident and positive statement regarding a belief or an fact.109
6691579438BiasBias is a tendency to favor one person, group, thing or point of view over another, often in an unfair way.110
6691580491Cadencethe term used to signal the rising and falling of the voice when reading a literary piece. In poetry, it is the momentary changes in rhythm and pitch. Cadences help set the rhythmic paces of a literary piece.111
6691649769Candorthe state or quality of being frank, open, and sincere in speech or expression112
6691649770Circular Reasoningcircle in proving"; also known as circular logic) is a logical fallacy in which the reasoner begins with what they are trying to end with. The components of a circular argument are often logically valid because if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.113
6691653193Circumlotionthe use of many words where fewer would do, especially in a deliberate attempt to be vague or evasive.114
6691653194Clichea phrase or opinion that is overused and betrays a lack of original thought115
6691656199Concrete vs Abstract LanguageAbstract words refer to intangible qualities, ideas, and concepts. These words indicate things we know only through our intellect, like "truth," "honor," "kindness," and "grace." Concrete words refer to tangible, qualities or characteristics, things we know through our senses.116
6691656225Diatribea forceful and bitter verbal attack against someone or something.117
6691658545Double Entendrea word or phrase open to two interpretations, one of which is usually risqué or indecent.118
6691660556Ellipsisthe omission from speech or writing of a word or words that are superfluous or able to be understood from contextual clues.119
6691663559Emotive LanguageEmotive language describes words and phrases meant to evoke an emotional response to a subject.120
6691663560Epigrama pithy saying or remark expressing an idea in a clever and amusing way.121
6691664578Euphemisma mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing.122
6691664579Hyperboleexaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.123
6691665926ImageryImagery means to use figurative language to represent objects, actions and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses.124
6691669013Maxim aka. aphorisma short, easily remembered expression of a basic principle, general truth or rule of conduct. Think of a maxim as a nugget of wisdom―or at least of apparent wisdom. Maxims are universal and testify to the commonality of human existence.125
6691669014Rhetorical QuestionA rhetorical question is a question that you ask without expecting an answer. The question might be one that does not have an answer. It might also be one that has an obvious answer but you have asked the question to make a point, to persuade or for literary effect.126
6691673318Slanted LanguageIts the use of language to state your positive/negative opinions about the subject of your statement instead of being neutral.127
6691675607SlogansAdvertising slogans are short, often memorable phrases used in advertising campaigns. They are claimed to be the most effective means of drawing attention to one or more aspects of a product.128
6691675608Understatementthe presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.129
6691678627Anachronisma thing belonging or appropriate to a period other than that in which it exists, especially a thing that is conspicuously old-fashioned.130
6691678628AppositionWhen we use two noun phrases (np) next to each other in a clause, and they refer to the same person or thing131
6691679983Archetypearchetype is a typical character, an action or a situation that seems to represent such universal patterns of human nature. An archetype, also known as universal symbol, may be a character, a theme, a symbol or even a setting.132
6691682017Gesticulationa gesture, especially a dramatic one, used instead of speaking or to emphasize one's words.133
6691683736Hasty GeneralizationHasty generalization is an informal fallacy of faulty generalization by reaching an inductive generalization based on insufficient evidence—essentially making a hasty conclusion without considering all of the variables.134
6691685146Appeal to ignoranceThis fallacy occurs when you argue that your conclusion must be true, because there is no evidence against it. This fallacy wrongly shifts the burden of proof away from the one making the claim.135
6691688462No true Scotsmanno true scotsman fallacy is a way of reinterpreting evidence in order to prevent the refutation of one's position. Proposed counter-examples to a theory are dismissed as irrelevant solely because they are counter-examples, but purportedly because they are not what the theory is about.136
6691688463False appeal to authorityThis fallacy is also known as an Appeal to an Unidentified Authority. This fallacy is committed when a person asserts that a claim is true because an expert or authority makes the claim and the person does not actually identify the expert.137
6691691368post hoc ergo propter hocPost hoc ergo propter hoc (Latin: "after this, therefore because of this") is a logical fallacy that states "Since event Y followed event X, event Y must have been caused by event X." It is often shortened simply to post hoc fallacy.138
6691691369ad hominem(of an argument or reaction) directed against a person rather than the position they are maintaining.139
6691694069False DilemmaA False Dilemma is a fallacy in which a person uses the following pattern of "reasoning": Either claim X is true or claim Y is true (when X and Y could both be false). Claim Y is false. Therefore claim X is true.140
6691695281Slippery Slopean idea or course of action which will lead to something unacceptable, wrong, or disastrous.141
6691699023Begging the Question/ Circular"Begging the question" is a form of logical fallacy in which a statement or claim is assumed to be true without evidence other than the statement or claim itself.142
6691699024Reasoningthe action of thinking about something in a logical, sensible way.143
6691699025Strawmanan intentionally misrepresented proposition that is set up because it is easier to defeat than an opponent's real argument.144
6691703709Non-sequiturA non sequitur (Latin for "it does not follow"), in formal logic, is an invalid argument. In a non sequitur, the conclusion could be either true or false, but the argument nonetheless asserts the conclusion to be true and is thus fallacious.145
6691705702Ad populum/ bandwagon appealis a fallacious argument that concludes that a proposition is true because many or most people believe it: "If many believe so, it is so."146
6691707810Appeal to traditionAppeal to Tradition is a fallacy that occurs when it is assumed that something is better or correct simply because it is older, traditional, or "always has been done." This sort of "reasoning" has the following form: X is old or traditional. Therefore X is correct or better.147
6691707852Genetic FallacyThe Genetic Fallacy is the most general fallacy of irrelevancy involving the origins or history of an idea. It is fallacious to either endorse or condemn an idea based on its past—rather than on its present—merits or demerits, unless its past in some way affects its present value.148
6691711814Guilt by Associationguilt ascribed to someone not because of any evidence but because of their association with an offender.149
6691714843Composition and DivisionThe Fallacy of Composition arises when one infers that something is true of the whole from the fact that it is true of some part of the whole. Conversely, the Fallacy of Division occurs when one infers that something true for the whole must also be true of all or some of its parts.150
6691714844Syntaxsyntax determines how the chosen words are used to form a sentence.151
6691715770SVOIn linguistic typology, subject-verb-object (SVO) is a sentence structure where the subject comes first, the verb second, and the object third.152
6691717467Inverted SyntaxAn inverted syntax refers to a change in the pattern of words in the formation of a sentence.153
6691719963Anaphorathe repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses.154
6691722377ClimaxIn rhetoric, a climax is a figure of speech in which words, phrases, or clauses are arranged in order of increasing importance.155
6691722378HypophoraHypophora is a figure of speech in which a writer raises a question and then immediately provides an answer to that question.156
6691731239ParenthesisParenthesis or parenthetical phrase is an explanatory or qualifying word, clause, or sentence inserted into a passage.157
6691732944Appeal to fearAn appeal to fear is a fallacy in which a person attempts to create support for an idea by using deception and propaganda in attempts to increase fear and prejudice toward a competitor.158
6691735694Appeal to AuthorityAn Appeal to Authority is a fallacy with the following form: Person A is (claimed to be) an authority on subject S. Person A makes claim C about subject S. Therefore, C is true.159
6691740540Unwarranted Emotional AppealsAppeal to emotion or argumentum ad passiones is a logical fallacy characterized by the manipulation of the recipient's emotions in order to win an argument, especially in the absence of factual evidence.160
6691742524GeneralitiesA glittering generality (also called glowing generality) is an emotionally appealing phrase so closely associated with highly valued concepts and beliefs that it carries conviction without supporting information or reason.161
6691744113Stereotypingview or represent as a stereotype. "the city is too easily stereotyped as an industrial wasteland"162
6691744114Scapegoatingperson who is blamed for the wrongdoings, mistakes, or faults of others, especially for reasons of expediency.163
6691744953SlogansA short and striking or memorable phrase used in advertising.164
6691747165PersonificationPersonification is a figure of speech in which a thing, an idea or an animal is given human attributes.165
6691747166ContrastTo contrast is to emphasize differences166
6691748872Similea figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid167
6691748873Metaphora figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.168
6691752400SymbollismSymbolism is the use of symbols to signify ideas and qualities by giving them symbolic meanings that are different from their literal sense.169
6691752401Paradoxa paradox is a statement that is self contradictory because it often contains two statements that are both true, but in general, cannot both be true at the same time.170
6691754464Analogya comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification. "an analogy between the workings of nature and those of human societies"171
6691756329Evocative or emotional languagehe definition of evocative is something that creates a strong response or feeling. An advertisement showing hungry children is an example of evocative.172
6691759219Figurative LanguageFigurative language is using figures of speech to be more effective, persuasive and impactful. Figures of speech such as metaphors, similes, allusions go beyond the literal meanings of the words to give the readers new insights.173
6691759220ImageryImagery means to use figurative language to represent objects, actions and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses.174
6691761495RepetitionRepetition at the end of a line, phrase, or clause of the word or words that occurred at the beginning of the same line, phrase, or clause.175
6691762529SynechocheA synecdoche is a figure of speech in which a term for a part of something refers to the whole of something or vice versa.176
6691763818MetonymyIt is a figure of speech that replaces the name of a thing with the name of something else with which it is closely associated.177
6691766109Alliterationthe occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.178
6691766110AssonanceAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound or diphthong in non-rhyming words. To qualify as assonance, the words must be close enough for the repetition of the sound to be noticeable.179

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