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AP Language and Composition Quarter 1 Terms Flashcards

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5403863789cumulative sentencebegins with an independent clause and builds (accumulates or piles up) on the idea with concrete or subjective details. .0
5403868134independent clauseexpresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. Has both a subject and a verb.1
5403871426dependent clauseA group of words that contain a subject and a verb but does NOT express a complete thought2
5403884104staccato sentenceOne to two words3
5403886456telegraphic sentenceA sentence shorter than five words in length (more than two words)4
5403890307short sentenceapproximately five to ten words in length5
5403893794medium sentenceapproximately 15 to 20 words in length6
5403897572Long and involved sentenceAbout 30 words or more in length7
5403940246EthosEstablishes Credibility8
5403942098PathosAppeal to emotion9
5403942099LogosAppeal to logic and reason using facts, statistics, etc.10
5403955499Metaphor (trope)comparison of two dissimilar things as if it IS11
5403960666Personification (trope)Giving human characteristics to inanimate objects12
5403965069Hyperbole (trope)A figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor13
5403969391Simile (trope)comparison of things using "like" or "as"14
5403974953rhetorical question (scheme)a question that expects no direct answer; used to draw attention to a point15
5404322223synecdoche (trope)A figure of speech in which a part is substituted for the whole.16
5404019427diction (trope)A writer's or speaker's choice of words17
5404078643abstract diction (trope)idea words and feelings NOT tangible and DO NOT appeal to the senses18
5404083374concrete diction (trope)provide more tangible details that appeal to the senses19
5404055163denotation (trope)The dictionary definition of a word20
5404056997connotation (trope)the emotional charge behind a word due to experience or society norms21
5403987206parallelism (scheme)repetition of the same grammatical structure22
5404006588anaphora (scheme)repetition of the same group of words at the beginning of successive clauses23
5404038123tropeArtful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech.24
5404413344Euphoniouswords that are pleasing in sound25
5404410643Cacophonousharsh sounding words26
5404038124schemeartful sentence structure (syntax)27
5404356426Parallelism of words (scheme)repetition of the same grammatical structures in words in a sentence (Example: All of the running, jumping and screaming made the students overstimulated."28
5404359893Parallelism of phrases (scheme)repetition of the same grammatical structures in phrases (Example: This task can be done individually, in pairs, or in groups of four.)29
5404389097Epistrophe (scheme)the repetition of a word or group of words at the end of successive clauses or sentences30
5404393578Antithesis (scheme)a type of parallelism used to show contrast.31
5404046507Rhetorical Modemethod of presenting a subject through writing or speech (ex: argumentation, narration, etc.)32
5404366896Contextthe historical, social, educational, environmental, etc. situation that prompts the speaker or writer to address the topic33
5404404842ColloquialCharacteristic of ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing34
5404404843JargonSpecial words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group; may be difficult for others to understand35
5404419675Shiftchange position or place; or approach of the speaker or writer36
5404423966Levels of Dictionformal / informal / neutral37
5404430070Illustrationuse of detailed examples to make abstract or general ideas or concepts more concrete and specific. specific cases or stories which make an argument more believable.38
5404431478Descriptiona detailed snapshot of an individual or situation (like describing feelings or the beauty of a flower). May evoke emotion39
5404431479Narrationinvolves telling a story with a beginning, middle, and end. usually a main characters(individuals)/location a lesson or moral. establishes credibility and evokes emotion40
5404432655DefinitionProvides the specific meaning of a term or idea. provides the nature or limits41
5404432656Comparison/Contrastidentify similarities/differences.42
5404435445Cause/EffectRefers to a direct relationship between events Answers the question "why did something happen, and/or what results did it have?"43
5404436942Division/ClassificationSort ideas or information into categories make connections between topics that might seem unrelated (often uses definition)44
5404436943Argumentationseries of statements leading to a logical conclusion Offers numerous reasons for or against the topic may outline or begin with a problem and then offer a solution45
5404439015Process Analysisto "break into parts" begins with a complex situation, argument, or text and breaks down the idea into separate parts46
5404440961Individuala single entity (person in writing)47
5404440962Conflictthe problems or issues an individual may face48
5404442303Social Stereotypesgeneralization or conclusion drawn based on bias or personal experience/beliefs49
5404443721ImageryDescriptive or figurative language in a literary work; the use of language to create sensory impressions.50
5404443722Objective Detailsdetails that focus on facts51
5404446083Technical Detailsdetails that are connected to a specific subject or specialization52
5404446084Subjective DetailsDetails that reveal the author's feelings, attitudes, or judgements.53
5404448219Figurative Imagethe use of language in presenting ideas, objects, etc. in a way that appeals to your senses54
5404448220Positionhow close the writer is to the action in time and space55
5404450314ToneA writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization.56
5404450340Rhetorical Strategy...a device that uses words to convey meaning or to persuade57
5404452721Plotsequence of events in a selection58
5404452722Pacespeed at which the writer recounts events59
5417646366rhetorical trianglethe rhetorical situation60
5417648866audience (rhetorical triangle)is complex and varied61
5417650360Context (rhetorical triangle)the situation that prompts the speaker or writer (Historical, Cultural, Social, Environmental, etc.)62
5417653092Message (rhetorical triangle)depends on context and audience63
5554481567juxtapositionWhen two or more words, phrases, images, ideas are placed close together or side by side for comparison or contrast or any other desired effect.64

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