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AP Language and Composition Terminology Flashcards

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4276134217antithesisthe statement of the opposing viewpoint0
4276136115argumenta single assertion or a series of assertions presented and defended by the writer.1
4276139692assertion (claim)opinions stated as facts—the basis of all arguments.2
4276145734assumptiona supposed "fact" that is actually never proved- may be part of a speaker's belief system.3
4276147741concessionan admission in an argument that the opposing side has points; to grant, allow or yield to a point.4
4276152686credibilitythe audience's belief in the arguer's trustworthiness.5
4283634439deductionthe process of moving from a general rule to a specific example.6
4283638138detailsacts that support the thesis or assertion in a piece of writing.7
4283641144ethosappeal to the credentials of the person speaking; character, goodwill, trustworthiness, intelligence8
4283642715generalizationan assertion about a group or class which implies that every member of this group or class shares a common characteristic9
4283647241subjective generalizationsdepend on personal attitudes and cannot be logically proven10
4283650977objective generalization (probable generalization)are true in most cases but not all, and are useful in argumentation.11
4283659858hypothesisan unproved theory, proposition or supposition.12
4284220746inductionthe process of moving from a given series of specifics to a generalization.13
4284223437issuea debatable question that gives rise to different positions or stances.14
4284226926logicthe process of reasoning.15
4284232036objectivewithout personal bias or prejudice16
4284236143overgeneralizationthe use of small and/or non-representative samples of real data to make an inference that is incorrect. It is considered a cognitive bias, a logical fallacy, and a misuse of statistics.17
4284239396pathosappeal to emotion.18
4284241148persuasiontype of argument that has as its goal an action on the part of the audience.19
4284243650qualificationto modify, restrict or limit- means that you agree in part, or you wish to redefine or reshape the assertion.20
4284257668rebuttal (refutation)an opposing argument; a contradiction- to prove an argument wrong21
4284265610recapitulateto repeat briefly; to summarize22
4285647491repetitionthe deliberate use of any element of language more than once23
4285655294rhetoricthe entire process of effective written communication24
4285657255rhetorical shifta change or movement in a piece from one point, idea, concept, etc. to another; signaled by words such as 'but,' 'then,' 'however,' etc.25
4285658648rhetorical questiona question asked to make a point. The speaker/writer already knows the answer to the question, and he asks the question to remind his audience of this answer. The idea is that the answer, reverberating around in everyone's minds, is much more powerful than if the speaker actually said26
4285664926thesisthe main idea of a piece of writing.27
4285669950speaker's stancea position, where you stand on an issue.28
4285672924speculationa guess about what may happen in the future29
4285678146subjectiveconclusions based on personal feelings/prejudice or bias30
4285682515alliteration31

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