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AP Language and Composition Terminology Flashcards

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14969446834AlliterationThe repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables0
14969446835AllusionAn indirect reference, often to another text or an historic event1
14969446836AnalogyAn extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things.2
14969446837AnaphoraThe repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses3
14969446838AnecdoteA short account of an interesting event.4
14969446839AnnotationExplanatory or critical notes added to a text.5
14969446840AntithesisParallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas6
14969446841AphorismA short, astute statement of a general truth.7
14969446842Archaic dictionThe use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language8
14969446843ArgumentA statement put forth and supported by evidence.9
14969446844AsyndetonLeaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses.10
14969446845AudienceOne's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed.11
14969446846ClaimAn assertion, usually supported by evidence.12
14969446847Colloquial/ismAn informal or conversational use of language.13
14969446848Complex sentenceA sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.14
14969446849ConnotationThat which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning (see denotation).15
14969446850ContextWords, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning.16
14969446851Cumulative sentenceAn independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail.17
14969446852Declarative sentenceA sentence that makes a statement.18
14969446853DenotationThe literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition19
14969446854DictionWord choice20
14969446855EpigramA brief witty statement.21
14969446856Figure of speechAn expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning.22
14969446857HyperboleExaggeration for the purpose of emphasis.23
14969446858ImageryVivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing).24
14969446859Imperative sentenceA sentence that requests or commands25
14969446860IronyA contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result.26
14969446861JuxtapositionPlacement of two things side by side for emphasis.27
14969446862MetaphorA figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison.28
14969446863MetonymyUse of an aspect of something to represent the whole.29
14969446864OccasionAn aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing.30
14969446865OxymoronA figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms31
14969446866ParadoxA statement that seems contradictory but is actually true32
14969446867ParallelismThe repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns.33
14969446868ParodyA piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridicule.34
14969446869PersonificationAssigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects35
14969446870PolysyndetonThe deliberate use of a series of conjunctions.36
14969446871PurposeOne's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing (To ______________)37
14969446872RhetoricThe study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, use of the "available means of persuasion."38
14969446873Rhetorical modesPatterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation.39
14969446874Rhetorical questionA question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer.40
14969446875Rhetorical triangleA diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience.41
14969446876SatireAn ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it.42
14969446877Sentence patternsThe arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions—such as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex.43
14969446878SimileA figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to compare two things.44
14969446879Simple sentenceA statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent clause.45
14969446880SpeakerA term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing.46
14969446881SubjectIn rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing.47
14969446882Subordinate clauseCreated by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause.48
14969446883SyntaxSentence structure49
14969446884SynthesizeCombining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex.50
14969446885ThesisThe central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer.51
14969446886Thesis statementA statement of the central idea in a work, may be explicit or implicit.52
14969446887ToneThe speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience.53
14969446888UnderstatementLack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.54
14969446889VoiceIn grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.55

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