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AP Language and Composition Terms Flashcards

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3413767114allegorythe device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning0
3413775824alliterationthe repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words1
3413781730allusiona direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art.2
3413787265ambiguitythe multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage.3
3413792135analogya similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them.4
3413799056antecedentthe word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun5
3413801644antithesisthe opposition or contrast of ideas; the direct opposite6
3413803962aphorisma terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle.7
3413808022apostrophea figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. It is an address to someone or something that cannot answer.8
3413819771asyndetonomission of conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses9
3413822500atmospherethe emotional nod created by the entirety of a literary work established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice or objects that are described10
3413838372caricaturea verbal description, the purpose of which is to exaggerate or distort, for comic effect, a person's distinctive physical features or other characteristics11
3413852591clausea grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb.12
3413854161colloquial/colloquialismthe use of slang or informalities in speech or writing13
3413859020conceita fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects.14
3431733933concessionan argumentative strategy by which speaker (writer) acknowledges the validity of an opponents point15
3431742543connotationthe non-literal, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning16
3431748467denotationthe strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or color17
3431751176dictionrelated to style; the writers word choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness18
3431755410didacticwords that have the primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially the teaching of moral or ethical principles19
3431760932ethosa persuasive appeal based on the projected character of speaker or writer20
3431765025euphemismmore agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept21
3431768604extended metaphora metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work22
3431773683fallacyan error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid23
3431775915figurative languagewriting or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid24
3431783079figure of speecha device used to produce figurative language. many compare dissimilar things25
3431787773generic conventionstraditions for each genre, helps to define each genre26
3431791235genrethe major category into which a literary work fits27
3431793122homilyany serious talk, speech, or lecture involving morel or spiritual advice28
3431797468hyperbolea figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement.29
3431797469imagerythe sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions.30
3431802098inference/inferto draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented31
3462546369invectivean emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language32
3462549738irony/ironicthe contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant, or the difference between what appears to be and what is actually true.33
3462559325jargonthe specialized language or terminology of a particular group or field34
3462562888litotesa form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying it's opposite.35
3462569173loose sentence/non-periodic sentencea type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses.36
3462580446metaphora figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity.37
3462588089metonymya figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it.38
3462594533moodthe prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work39
3462597114narrativethe telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events.40
3462600648onomatopoeiaa figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words.41
3462606761oxymorona figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox.42
3462613633paradoxa statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity.43
3462622893parallelismthe grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity.44
3486930894anaphoraa sub-type of parallelism, when the exact repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive lines or sentences45
3486936577parodya work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.46
3486943686pathosmeans of persuasion that appeals to the audience's emotions47
3486946928pedantican adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish48
3486955244periodic sentencethe opposite of loose sentence, a sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end.49
3486964544personificationa figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions.50
3486971428point of viewthe perspective from which a story is told51
3486980987proseone of the major divisions of genre, refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms.52
3486988302refutationthe part of an argument wherein speaker(writer) anticipates and counters opposing viewpoints53
3486996564repetitionthe duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern54
3487009083rhetoricthe principles of governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively55
3487012300rhetorical modesthe variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing.56
3506843193sarcasminvolves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something57
3506844998satirea work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule.58
3506850504semanticsthe branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their connotations, and their relation to one another59
3506853214stylean evaluation of the sum of the choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices60
3506856383subject complementthe word or clause that follows a linking verb and complements, or completes, the subject of the sentence by either renaming it or describing it.61
3506861271subordinate clausecontains both a subject and a verb, but unlike the independent clause, it cannot stand alone62
3506864072syllogisma deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion63
3526463167symbol/symbolismgenerally, anything that represents itself and stands for something else.64
3526473211synecdochea figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole or, occasionally, the whole is used to represent a part.65
3526478958synesthesiawhen one kind of sensory stimulus evokes the subjective experience of another.66
3526484628syntaxthe way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences.67
3526489986themethe central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life.68
3526492389thesisthe statement is the sentence or group of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or position69
3526499020tonedescribes the author's attitude toward his material, the audience, or both.70
3526503116transitiona word of phrase that links different ideas71
3526505909understatementthe ironic minimalizing of fact, presents something as less significant than it is72
3526509875witintellectually amusing language that surprises and delights.73
3526519706zeugmathe use of a word to modify two or more words although its use may be grammatically or logically correct with only one.74

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