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AP Language and Composition terms Flashcards

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4642675579allegorythe device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning.0
4642675580alliterationthe repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words.1
4642675581allusiona direct or indirect referance to something which is presumably commonly known such as an event, book, myth, place or work of art.2
4642675582ambiquitythe multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, or a word, phrase, sentance or passage.3
4642675583analogya similarity or comparison between twodifferent things or the relationship betweenthem. Can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with or pointing out its similarity to something more familiar.4
4642677121anaphoraA subtype of parallelism, with the exact repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive lines5
4642675584antecedentthe word, phrase, or clause reffered to by a pronoun.6
4642675585aphorisma terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or moral principle.7
4642675586apostrophea figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or personified abstraction, such as liberty or love.8
4642675587atmospherethe emotional mood created by the entirety of literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the authors choice of objects that are described.9
4642675588clausea grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb. an independant of main clause expresses a complete thought and can stand aloneas a sentance. A dependant or subordinate clause cannot stand alone as a sentance and must be accompanied by an independant clause.10
4642675589colloquial/colliguialismthe use of slang or informalities in speech or writing.Give conversational, familiar tone.11
4642682156coherenceproduct of many different factors, which combine to make every paragraph, every sentence, and every phrase contribute to the meaning of the whole piece.12
4642675590conceita fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects. Displays intellectual cleverness due to the unusual comparison being made.13
4642675591connotationthe nonliteral, associative meaning of a word;the implied, suggested meaning. Involve ideas,emotions, or attitudes.14
4642675592denotationthe strict, literal dictionary definition or a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude or color.15
4642675593dictionrelated tostyle, diction refers to the writers choices,especially with regard to their correctness, clearness or effectiveness.16
4642675594didactic"teaching". have the primary aim of teaching or instructing,especially the teaching of moral or ethical principles.17
4642675595euphemism"good speech". are more agreeableor less offensive substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts.18
4642696094expositionto explain/analyze info by presenting an idea and an explanation19
4642675596extended metaphora metaphor developed at great length, occuring frequently in or throughout a work.20
4642675597figurative languagewriting or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid.21
4642675598figure of speecha device used to produce figurative language. Many compare dissimilar things. Figures of speech include, for example, apostrophe, hyperbole, irony.22
4642675599generic conventionsthis term describes traditions for each genre. these conventions helpto define eachgenre,for example,they diffentiate between an essay and journalistic writing or an autobiography and political writing.23
4642675600genrethe major category into which a literary work fits. basic divisions of genre are prose,poetry and drama.24
4642675601homilythis term literally means 'sermon' but more informally, it can include serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.25
4642675602hyperbolea figure of speech using diliberate exaggeration or overstatement. Have a comic effect; however,a serious effect is possible.26
4642675603imagerythe sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions.[visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory or olfactory imagery.]27
4642675604inference/inferto draw reasonable conclusions from the information presented.28
4642675605invectivean emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.29
4642675606irony/ironicthe contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant; the difference between what appears to be and what actually is true.[three major types in clude: verbal, situational and dramatic].30
4642675607loose sentancea type of sentance in which the main idea comes first, followed by the dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses. If a period were placed at the end of the independant clause, the clause would be a complete sentance.31
4642675608metaphora figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity. Metaphorical language makes writing more vivid, imaginative thought provoking and meaningful.32
4642675609metonomya term from the greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name". a figure of speech which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it.33
4642675610mood1. indicative mood- only for factual sentences. Subjenctive- used for a doubtful or conditional attitude.34
4642675611narrativethe telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events.35
4642675612onomatopoeiaa figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words.36
4642675613oxymoronfrom the greek for "pointlessly foolish"- figure of speech where in the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest paradox.37
4642675614paradoxa statement that appears to be self contradictory or opposed tocommon sense, but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity.38
4642675615parallelismalso reffered to as parallel structure. refers to grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentances or paragraphs to give structural similarity.39
4642675616parodya work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim or comic effect and or ridicule. As comedy,parody distorts or exaggerates distinctive features of the original. As ridicule, it mimics the work by repeating or borrowing words, phrases or characteristics to illuminate weaknesses in the original.40
4642675617pedantican adjective that describes words, phrases or general tone that is overly scholarly,academic or bookish.41
4642675618periodic sentencea sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end.42
4642675619personificationa figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inatimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions.43
4642675620point of viewthe persepctive from which a story is told. [first person- tells story in first person [I]. third person- he she it.44
4642675621predicate adjectivesone type of subject complement-- an adjective, group or adjectives or adjective clause that follows a linking verb.45
4642675622predicate nominativea second type of subject complement- a noun, group of nouns, or noun clause that renames the subject.46
4642675623proseone of the major divisions of genre, it refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all forms, because they are written in ordinary language and most closely resemble everyday speech.47
4642675624repetitionthe duplication, either exact of approximate, or any element of language, such as sound, word, phrase sentence or grammatical pattern.48
4642675625rhetoricdescribes the principles governing the art of writing effectively,eloquently and persuasively.49
4642675626rhetorical modesthe flexible term describes the variety,the conventions and the purposes of the major kinds of writing.[exposition-to explain and analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence and appropriate discussion][arugmentation-prove validity of an idea point of view, by presenting sound reasoning, discussion and argument that thoroughly convinces the reader][description- recreate, invent or visually present a person, place,event or action sothat the reader can picture that being described.][narration- totell a story or anevent or series of events].50
4642675628sarcasmbitter or caustic language that is meant to hurt of ridicule someone or something.51
4642675629satirea workthat targets humanvices and follies or social insitutions and conventions, for reform or ridicule.52
4642699753semanticsone of the important branches of linguistics that deals with interpretation and meaning of the words, sentence structure and symbols, while determining the reading comprehension of the readers how they understand others and their interpretations.53
4642675631style-evaluation of the sum of choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax,figurative language and other literary devices. Classification of authors to a group and comparison of an author to similar authors.54
4642675632subject complementthe word of clause that follows a linking verb and complements, or completes,the subject of the sentence by either [1] renaming it [2] describing it.55
4642675633subcoordinate clausecontains both a subject and a verb, but unlike the ___ ___, the ___ ___ cannot stand alone.56
4642675634syllogismis a deductive systemof formal logic that presents two premises-the first one called major and the second minor- that inevitable lead to a sound conclusion.57
4642675635symbolanything that represents or stands for something else.[natural-conventional-literary]58
4642675636syntaxthe way the author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences.59
4642675637themethe central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life.60
4642675638thesisthe sentance or group of sentances that directly expresses the authors opinion, purpose, meaning or proposition.61
4642675639tonesimilar tomood, ___ describes the authors attitude toward his or her material, the audience, or both.62
4642675640transitiona word or phrase that links different ideas. Used especially although not exculsively, inexpository and arugmentative writing, transtitions effectively signal a shift from one idea or another.63
4642675641understatementthe ironic minimalizing of fact, ___ presents something as less significant that it is.64
4642689104undertonethe attitude that may lie under the tone of a piece. I get along with undertone because he's sneaky and could be a little bit of a sassy rhetorical device.65
4642690714witin a literary work designed to make the audience laugh or feel amused66

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