AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!

AP Language and Composition Terms Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
6802258447Ad hominem argumentArgument that appeals to emotion rather than reason, to feeling rather than intellect0
6802258448AllegoryThe device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. i.e. Animal Farm characters; The Crucible1
6802258449AlliterationThe repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words2
6802258450AllusionA direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work or art purpose: writer does not have to elaborate3
6802258451AmbiguityThe multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage4
6802258452AnalogyA similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them; using something well known to help explain something not as well known. (similar to simile)5
6802258453AntecedentThe word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.6
6802258454AphorismA terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or moral principle; a memorable summation of the author's point7
6802258455ApostropheA figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or personified abstraction, such as liberty or love and adds familiarity or emotion intensity8
6802258456AtmosphereThe emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice of objects that are described.9
6802258457ClauseA grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb.10
6802258458ColloquialThe use of slang or in formalities in speech or writing. Gives work a conversational, familiar tone. Often used to express regional or local dialects11
6802258460ConnotationThe nonliteral, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning12
6802258461DenotationThe strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or color13
6802258462DictionRelated to style, refers to the writer's word choice14
6802258464EuphemismA more agreeable or less offensive substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts. Can be used to adhere to standards of social or political correctness, or to add humor or ironic understatement15
6802258465Extended metaphorA metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work16
6802258466Figurative languageWriting or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid17
6802258467Figure of speechA device used to produce figurative language, Many compare dissimilar things18
6802258469GenreThe major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry , and drama19
6802258470HomilyThis term literally means "sermon" but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice20
6802258471HyperboleA figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement for emphasis21
6802258472ImageryThe sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions. On a physical level, uses terms related to the five senses22
6802258473InferenceTo draw reasonable conclusion from the information presented23
6802258474InvectiveAn emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language24
6802258475IronyThe contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant; the difference between what appears to be and what actually is true25
6802258476Verbal ironyThe words literally state the opposite of the writers or speakers true meaning26
6802258477Situational ironyEvents turn out the opposite of what was expected27
6802258478Dramatic ironyFacts or events are unknown to a character in a play or piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work28
6802258480MetaphorA figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other29
6802258482MoodThe overall feel of the writing (created by writer; determined by reader)30
6802258486NarrativeThe telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events31
6802258487OnomatopoeiaA figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words32
6802258488OxymoronFrom the Greek for "pointedly foolish" a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox. Example: Jumbo Shrimp33
6802258489ParadoxA statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense, but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity34
6802258490ParallelismRefers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity; structuring in generally same way to link them all35
6802258491ParodyA work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. It distorts or exaggerates distinctive features of the original36
6802258494Point of viewThe perspective from which a story is told37
6802258495First-person narratorTells the story with the first-person pronoun "I" and is a character in the story.38
6802258496Third person narratorRelates the events with the third person pronouns, "he, she it"39
6802258497Third person omniscientthe narrator, with god-like knowledge, presents the thoughts and actions of any or all characters40
6802258498Third person limited omniscientPresents the feelings and thoughts of only the actions of all remaining characters41
6802258501ProseOne of the major divisions of genre, refers to fiction and nonfiction, because they are written in ordinary language and most closely resemble everyday speech42
6802258502RepetitionThe duplication, either exact or approximate of any element of language43
6802258503RhetoricFrom the Greek "orator" describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively44
6802258504Rhetorical modesDescribes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing45
6802258506ArgumentationTo prove the validity of an idea, point of view, by presenting sound reasoning46
6802258507SarcasmBitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something47
6802258508SatireA work that targets human vices and follies, or social institutions or conventions for reform or ridicule48
6802258509StyleAn author's sum of choices that he or she makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices49
6802258513SymbolAnything that represents or stands for something else50
6802258514Natural symbolsUse objects and occurrences from nature to represent ideas commonly associated with them I.e. Dawn and new beginnings51
6802258515Conventional symbolsThose that have been invested with meaning by a group i.e. Star of David52
6802258516Literary symbolsThey are found in a variety of literature and are generally recognized i.e. whale in Moby Dick53
6802258517SyntaxThe way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences54
6802258518ThemeThe central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers to life55
6802258519ThesisStatement that is a sentence that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or preposition56
6802258520ToneDescribes the author's attitude toward his or her material or the audience57
6802258521TransitionA word or phrase that links different ideas58
6802258522UnderstatementThe ironic minimalizing of fact, presenting something less significant than it actually is. Makes a work humorous and emphatic;A statement that lacks emphasis and is given less force than normal.59
6802258523Witintellectually amusing language that surprises and delights60
6802258524AttitudeA writer's intellectual position or emotion regarding the subject of the writing (related to tone)61
6802258525Concrete detailA non abstract detail asked on essay portion62
6802258526Descriptive detailDetail appealing to the visual sense of the reader63
6802258527DevicesThe figures of speech, syntax, diction, and other stylistic elements that collectively produce a particular artistic effect64
6802258528Languagehow the elements of this combine to form a whole (diction, syntax, figurative language, etc)65
6802258531Persuasive devicesThe words in the passage that have strong connotations hint at this. Words that intensify the emotional effect66
6802258532Persuasive essayAn essay that leads to appeal to the audience's emotion or ethical standards to make them feel or support the author's position67
6802258534Rhetorical featuresRefers to how a passage is constructed. Look at the passage's organization and how the writer combines images, details, or arguments68
6802258535Sentence structureThe type of sentences the author uses; the simple, compound, complex types of this69
6802258537HyperboleA non-literal exaggeration to emphasize something.70
6802258539AntithesisA structure that places contrasting ideas next to each other.71
6802258541Rhetorical QuestionA question that is asked to create an effect, not really to be answered.72
6802258544SimileA figure of speech using "like" or "as" to compare two thing somewhat alike.73
6802258545Metaphor(Similar to simile) Speaking of something as though it were another.74
6802258549ClimaxOrganizing ideas in writing from least to most important.75
6802258550ParallelismStructuring multiple sentences, generally the same way, to link them all.76
6802258552Anadiplosis(Form of repetition) Repeating the last word of a phrase or sentence near the beginning of the next.77
6802258558EpithetAdding a descriptive adjective to a noun to evoke an idea or emotion.78
6802258565AnaphoraThe use of the same word or phrase at the beginning of each phrase or sentence.79
6802258566Epistrophe(Similar to anaphora) The use of the same word or phrase at the end of each phrase or sentence.80
6802258569PersonificationGiving human-like traits to something not human.81
6802258574EquivocationA fallacy that uses a word with two meanings but concludes the word to have only one meaning.82
6802258576Red HerringA remark that distracts or sidetracks from the original subject of argument.83
6802258577Straw ManA fallacy that attacks the weaker side of the argument and not the issue at hand.84
6802258579PersonaA voice or mask that is used with acting or speaking that the person uses for a particular reason.85
6802258580AbsoluteA word free from limitations or qualifications86
6802258582ArchetypeA detail, image, or character type that appears frequently in literature and is thought to appeal in a universal way87
6802258584Cliche'An expression that has been overused to the extent that its freshness has worn off88
6802258585ColloquialismA word or phrase (including slang) used in everyday conversation and informal writing but that is often inappropriate in formal writing (y'all, ain't)89
6802258586Complex sentenceA sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause90
6802258587Compound sentenceContains at least two independent clauses but no dependent clauses.91
6802258590DialectA regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.92
6802258591Dilemmaa difficult or perplexing situation or problem requiring a person to decide between two equally attractive or unattractive alternatives93
6802258592Dissonanceharsh, inharmonious sounds94
6802258593Elegya sorrowful formal poem or speech about death or another solemn theme95
6802258594EllipsisIndicated by a series of three periods, the __ indicates that some material has been omitted from a given text.96
6802258595EpicA long narrative poem, written in heightened language, which recounts the deeds of a heroic character who embodies the values of a particular society97
6802258596EpigramA brief witty poem, often satirical.98
6802258597Epigrapha saying or statement on a title page of a work, or used as a heading for a chapter or other section of a work99
6802258598EpiphanyA moment of sudden revelation or insight100
6802258599Epitapha brief statement written on a tomb or gravestone101
6802258600Eulogya speech honoring the dead102
6802258601Exclamatory sentenceA sentence expressing strong feeling, usually punctuated with an exclamation mark103
6802258602Expletivean interjection to lend emphasis; often a profanity104
6802258603FableA brief story that leads to a moral, often using animals as characters105
6802258604FantasyA story including elements that are impossible or make-believe.106
6802258605FlashbackA method of narration in which present action is temporarily interrupted so that the reader can witness past events107
6802258606Flat characterA character who is not well-developed, but rather one-dimensional ; he/she has only one or two personality traits108
6802258607ForeshadowingA narrative device that hints at coming events; often builds suspense or anxiety in the reader.109
6802258610Hypothetical questiona question that asks how a respondent might react in a given situation110
6802258611IdiomA common, often used expression that doesn't make sense if you take it literally.111
6802258612ImplicationA suggestion an author or speaker makes (implies) without stating it directly. NOTE: the author/sender implies; the reader/audience infers.112
6802258613Jargonspecialized technical terminology; a characteristic language of a particular group113
6802258614JuxtapositionPlacement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts114
6802258615LegendA narrative story about mythical or supernatural beings or events handed down from the past115
6802258616LimerickA five line poem in which lines 1, 2 and 5 rhyme and lines 3 and 4 rhyme.116
6802258620MotifA recurring element, such as an image, theme, or type of incident.117
6802258621MotivationA character's incentive or reason for behaving in a certain manner; that which impels a character to act118
6802258622Mytha traditional story where supernatural characters and events are used to explain a natural event119
6802258623Non sequiturAn argument where claim, reasons and warrants don't connect logically, and one point doesn't follow another.120
6802258625PathosAppeal to emotion121
6802258626LogosAppeal to logic; facts122
6802258627EthosAppeal to ethics; credibility123
6802258629PunPlay on words; achieved through the use of words with similar sounds but different meanings124
6802258630ResolutionAlso called the denouement, this is the final stage in the plot of a drama or work of fiction. Here the action comes to an end and remaining loose ends are tied up.125
6802258631Round characterA character who demonstrates some complexity and who develops or changes in the course of a work126
6802258633Scapegoata person or thing carrying the blame for others127
6802258634Simple sentenceA sentence consisting of one independent clause and no dependent clause128
6802258636StructureArrangement of parts129

Need Help?

We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.

For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.

If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.

Need Notes?

While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!