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AP Language and Composition Vocabulary Flashcards

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5617665021AdversaryAn enemy or opponent0
5617679305AlienateTo make indifferent or hostile1
5617694537ArtificeA skillful or ingenious device2
5691502516Coerceto compel or force3
5691510164Cravencoward4
5691510165Culinaryof or related to cooking or the kitchen5
5691515777Demisea death, especially of a person in lofty posititon6
5691521651Exhilirateto enliven, cheer, give spirit or liveliness to7
5691533931Fallowinactive8
5691552178Harassto disturb or worry9
5691718595Inclementsevere in attitude or action10
5691734839Liquidateto eliminate11
5691738536Museto think about in a dreamy way or ponder12
5692093114Negligibleso unimportant that it can be disregarded13
5692097785Perpetuateto make permanent or long lasting14
5692102502Precedentan example that may serve as a basis for imitation or later action15
5692120386Punitiveinflicting or aiming at punishment16
5692125322Redressto set right or remedy17
5692138924Sojourna temporary stay18
5692453796Urbanerefined in manner or style or suave19
5742384015Alliterationthe occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words20
5742400708Allusiona brief reference to a real or fictional person, event, place, or work of art21
5742411804Assonancethe repetition of vowel sounds in a chunk of text22
5742420083Ballada story/ narrative in poetic form23
5742425092Consonancethe repetition of consonant sounds, but not vowels, in a chunk of text24
5742433629Dictionthe author's specific word choice25
5742594061Enjambmentthis occurs when one line ends without a pause or any punctuation and continues onto the next line26
5742607786Free Versepoetry that does not rhyme or have a measurable meter27
5742611780Metaphora figure of speech that makes a comparison between two things without using connector words such as "like" or "as"28
5742622800Meterthe measured arrangement of sounds/beats in a poem, including the poet's placement of emphasis and the number of syllables per line29
5742639542Onomatopoeiaa word that sounds like what it means30
5742643545Rhythmthe recurrence of stressed and unstressed sounds in poetry. Depending on how sounds are arranged, the _____________ of a poem may be fast or slow, choppy or smooth.31
5742793609Similea figure of speech that makes a comparison between two things using connecting words, such as " like" or "as"32
5742809104Stanzaa unified group of lines of poetry. This is often marked by spacing between sections of the poem.33
5742817747Symbolan object or action that means something more than its literal meaning34
5742828141Themethe central meaning or dominant message the poet is trying to deliver to the reader (usually not one word)35
5742841460Tonethe attitude the poem's narrator (this may or may not be the actual poet) takes towards a subject or character Ex: serious, humorous, sarcastic, ironic, concerned, tongue-in-cheek, solemn, objective, or etc.36
5743331060Versea single line of poetry37
7276473675Thesisa statement that a writer intends to support and prove38
7276485483Claima statement that, essentially, is arguable but is also used as a primary point to support or prove an argument39
7276499185Audiencethe person/ people for whom a writer writes, or a composer composes40
7276506423Evidencea type of literary device that is presented to persuade the readers and used with powerful arguments in texts or essays41
7276524553Logosa statement, sentence or argument used to convince or persuade the targeted audience by employing reason or logic EX: statistics42
7276531710Ethoscredibility or an ethical appeal which involves persuasion by the character involved.43
7276532665Pathosa quality of an experience in life or a work of art that stirs up emotions of pity, sympathy and sorrow.44
7779537841FallacyAn unreliable means of arguing that does not provide good reason for accepting the argument's conclusion.45
7779555543Red HerringBringing up an irrelevant issue to distract from the central topic at hand.46
7779571451Post Hoc Ergo Propter HocLatin for "after this, therefore because of this." Also called the fallacy of false cause. Claiming that one thing is caused by another because it followed after the other.47
7779595440Ad Hominem FallacyAn attack on the opponent rather than on the opponent's argument, usually name calling or casting aspersion on the opponent's character.48
7779619713Begging the QuestionTaking for granted or treating an opinion that is open to question as if it were already proved or disproved.49
7779672023Circular ReasoningTrying to prove one idea with another idea that is too similar to the first idea; such logical ways move backwards in its attempt to move forward.50
7779685139Slippery SlopeAsserting that some event must inevitably follow from another without any argument for the inevitability of the event in question with no reason given as to why the intervening steps or gradations will simply be bypassed.51
7779739160Argument Ad Populum("To the people") appealing to readers' general values , such as patriotism or love of family. EX: A desire for tougher gun control laws is just out of step with true American patriotism or sentiment.52
7779930196Visual RhetoricThe development of a theoretical framework describing how visual images communicate meaning, as opposed to aural, verbal, or other messages.53
7779959619ParadoxA situation, person, or thing that combines contradictory features or qualities.54
7779964250EuphemismThe use of a word or phrase that is less direct, but that is also less distasteful or less offensive than another. EX: Yesterday, the man went to his eternal rest.55
7779978955DysphemismA derogatory or unpleasant term used instead of a pleasant or neutral one, such as "loony bin" for "mental hospital.".56
7780021969HyperboleExaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.57
7780066465Parallel StructureA stylistic device, and a grammatical construction having two or more clauses, phrases or words, with similar grammatical form and length.58
7780083723AnaphoraA repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of successive clauses. EX: "I'm not afraid to die...I'm not afraid to live. I'm other afraid to fail. I'm not afraid to suceed. I'm not afraid to fall in love. I'm not afraid to be alone.I'm just afraid I might have to stop talking about myself for five minutes. "59
7780125029Ironythe expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.60
7780132656Verbal IronyA speaker speaks something contradictory to what he intends to say.61
7780217491Figurative LanguageFigures of speech to be more effective, persuasive, and impactful.62
7780230588ImageryFigurative language used in order to represent objects, actions, and ideas in such a way that appeals to our physical senses.63
7780268252AnalogyA comparison in which an idea or a thing is compared to another thing that is quite different from it.64
7780294202OxymoronA figure of speech in which two opposite ideas are joined to create an effect.65
7780317895AntithesisA rhetorical device in which two opposite ideas are put together in a sentence to achieve a contrasting effect.66
7780337186KairosA rhetorical device that means appropriate time for an action.67
7780371117Rhetorical ContextThe circumstances surrounding any writing situation and includes purpose, audience, and focus.68
7780438050SOAPSToneSpeaker, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, Subject, Tone69
7780445374SpeakerThe voice behind the scene.70
7780471850SatireA technique employed by writers to expose and criticize foolishness and corruption of an individual or a society by using humor, irony, exaggeration or ridicule.71
7853330827Asyndetona syntactical structure in which conjunctions are omitted in a series, usually producing more rapid prose.72
7853356201Chiasmusa statement consisting of two parallel parts in which the second part is structurally reversed73
7853378873Colloquialisminformal words or expressions not usually acceptable in formal writing74
7853418508Deductive Reasoninga logical process in which a conclusion is based on the concordance of multiple premises that are generally assumed to be true. This form of 'top-down' reasoning begins with premises that are generally assumed to be true and then applies them to specific cases to derive conclusions. This form of reasoning goes from GENERAL to SPECIFIC.75
7963052786Synecdochefigure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa76
7963055658Metonymya figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated EX: This land belongs to the crown.77
7963059383Colloquial Languagewords or expressions used in ordinary language by common people Ex: slang78
7963061743Litotesironic understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of its contrary Ex:you won't be sorry, meaning you'll be glad79
7963064988Paralipsisthe device of giving emphasis by professing to say little or nothing about a subject80
8012015958PolysyndetonSentence style that uses many conjunctions to low the rhythm or to suggest the continuity of the experience. EX: "There were frowzy fields, and cow-houses, and dunghills, and dustheaps, and ditches, and gardens, and summer-houses, and carpet-beating grounds, at the very door of the Railway."81
8083345607Loose (Cumulative ) Sentencea type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) is elaborated by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases.82
8249509699Periodic SentenceMain clause or predicate as the last part of the sentence.83
8249682292SyllepsisA kind of ellipsis in which one word is understood differently in relation to two or more other words which it governs, but the word does not fit grammatically or idiomatically with one member of the pair EX: "You most likely need a thesaurus, a rudimentary grammar book, and a grip on reality."84
8324273518ZeugmaA kind of ellipsis in which one word is understood differently in relation to two or more other words which it governs- often used as a pun EX: "She broke his car and his heart."85
8324297946Tricolonthree parallel elements of the same length occurring in a series EX: "Be sincere, be brief, be seated."86
8324315407Ellipsisdeliberate omission of a word or words which are readily implied by the context EX: "There is much to support the view that it is clothes that wear us, and not we, them."87
8324334379Epistropherepetition of the same word or group of words at the ends of successive clauses EX: "The cars do not sell because the engineering is inferior, the quality of materials is inferior, and the workmanship is inferior.88
8324357401Inverted Syntaxreversing the normal word order of a sentence EX: "In silent night when rest I took, / For sorrow near I did not look..."89
8324374610Rhetorical Questiona question asked for rhetorical effect to emphasize a point, the answer being implied EX: "But how can we expect to enjoy the scenery when the scenery consists entirely of garish billboards?"90
8324400438Syllogisma form of deductive reasoning in which a generally accepted major premise is made, a related minor premise follows, which then leads inevitably to one logical conclusion EX: All dogs are mammals. A Labrador is a dog. Therefore, a Labrador is a mammal.91
8324452872Inductive Reasoninga form of reasoning which works from a body of facts to the formulation of a generalization EX: Crimes are often solved trough inductive reasoning. Evidence is gathered and analyzed, and then a theory or generalization is made about who did it.92
8324567270Exigencyan issue, problem, or situation that causes or prompts someone to write or speak93
8339523874False AnalogyIllogically drawing a comparison between two things that have no similarities EX: Letting prisoners out on early release is like absolving them of their crimes.94
8359217604Argument Ad HominemAttacking a person's character rather than his/ her argument EX: You can't trust Jones's theory of electromagnetic particles cause he's a communist.95
8359287687Non Sequiter FallacyAn inference or conclusion that does not follow from established premises or evidence EX: Tens of thousands of Americans have seen lights in the night sky which they could not identify. The existence of life on other planets is fast becoming certainty.96
8359413379Either/ Or FallacyA fallacy in argument that occurs when someone is asked to choose between two options when there are clearly other alternatives EX: If you don't support the war, then you are on the side of the terroists.97
8359463622Sweeping GeneralizationThe use of a statement in an all-inclusive way without allowing for any exceptions, such as a stereotype EX: Democrats and Republicans never get along with each other, so you and Steve will not like each other since he is a Republican and you are a Democrat.98
8360560237Straw Man FallacyAn argument which misrepresents a position in order to make it appear weaker than it actually is, refutes this misrepresentation of the position, and then concludes that the real position has been refuted EX: Senator Jones says that we should not fund the attack submarine program. I disagree entirely. I can't understand why he wants to leave us completely defenseless like that.99
8360664817Hasty GeneralizationA fallacy in which one jumps to a conclusion that far exceeds what the evidence supports EX: My roommate said her philosophy class was hard, and the one I'm in is hard, too. Philosophy is just impossible to understand!100
8360742012Reductive FallacyA fallacy of questionable cause that occurs when it is assumed that there is a single, simple cause of an outcome when in reality it may have been caused by a number of only jointly sufficient causes. Also called oversimplification. EX: The school shooters played violent video games, so that caused them to become violent.101
8360863962False AuthorityA fallacy that occurs when a person making a claim is presented as an expert who would be trusted when when his or her expertise is not in the area being discussed. EX: According to Oprah, Green is the best toothpaste for your teeth.102
8360945512Bandwagon103
8428597965ForeshadowingA warning or indication of a future event104
8428610368PersonificationThe attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something non-human ,or the representation of an abstract quality in human form105
8428632119Logical FallacyAn error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid106
8428641668AllegoryA story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one107
8428659969Tragic HeroA literary character who makes a judgement error that inevitably leads to his/her own destruction108
8428703806VengeancePunishment inflicted in retaliation for an injury or offense109
8428728631UnequivocalLeaving no doubt110
8428762654ScornfulFull of open dislike and disrespect or derision often mixed indignation111
8428787085SusceptibleCapable of submitting to an action, process, or operation112
8428808667SupernaturalOf or relating to an order of existence beyond the visible observable universe113
8428851837ResentmentA feeling of indignant displeasure or persistent ill will at something regarded as a wrong, insult, or injury114
8462452447Antagonismactive hostility or opposition115
8462461659Expertisea special skill or knowledge that is acquired by training, study, or practice116
8462469489Adulteryvoluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and a person who isn't his/ her spouse117
8462479190Lecherylustfulness118
8462483270Depositiona testifying especially before a court119
8463113709Affidavita written statement confirmed by oath or affirmation, for use as evidence in court.120
8463129531Denouncepublicly declare to be wrong or evil121
8463151860Predispositiona liability or tendency to suffer from a particular condition, hold a particular attitude, or act in a particular way.122
8463160949Deflectcause (something) to change direction by interposing something123
8463175251Hysteriaexaggerated or uncontrollable emotion or excitement, especially among a group of people124
8463196518Contemptuousshowing the feeling that a person or a thing is beneath consideration, worthless, or deserving scorn125
8463231828Incredulousunwilling or unable to believe something126
8463238235Exasperatedirritate intensely127
8463258831Ambiguousopen to more than one interpretation or having a double meaning128
8463269562Adherenceattachment or commitment to a person, cause, or belief129
8543334418Apostrophethe act of speaking directly to an absent or imaginary person or to some abstraction130
8543339494Archetypean original model or type after which other similar things are patterned131
8543341478Blank Versepoetry usually written in unrhymed pattern132
8543345365Conceitfanciful, particularly clever extended metaphor133
8543348367Connotationthe implied134
8551441609DialectA variety of speech characterized by its own particularly grammar or pronunciation or region135
8692706794DidacticSomething which has as its primary purpose to teach or instruct.136
8692716383DissonanceHarsh, inharmonious, or discordant sounds137
8692721017ElegyPoem that mourns the death of a person or laments something lost138
8693023416End-Stopped LinePoetic device in which a pause comes at the end of a syntactic unit with punctuation mark or full stop139
8693038396EpiphanyA moment of sudden revelation or insight140
8693050876JuxtapositionPlacing two elements side by side to present a comparison or contrast141
8693077907MotifStandard theme or action or dramatic situation which recurs in a literary work.142
8693161977AphorismA statement of truth or opinion expressed in a concise and witty manner143
8693169305AbsoluteA word free from limitations or qualifications EX: best, all, unique, or perfect144

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