2014- 2015 Argument Terms
From "Language of Composition" p. 141 - 145
Terms : Hide Images
| 8977111535 | Ad hominem | This is an attack on the character of a person rather than her/his opinions or arguments. | 0 | |
| 8977111536 | Ad populum | An emotional appeal to positive concepts or negative concepts rather than a direct discussion of the real issue. | 1 | |
| 8977111537 | Argument | A process in which a speaker, writer, or artist tries to elicit a desired response from an audience by identifying commonalities in the interests of both parties. | 2 | |
| 8977111538 | Assumption | The connection between the evidence and the conclusions drawn from that evidence. | 3 | |
| 8977111539 | Begging the question | This conclusion that the writer should prove is validated within the claim. | 4 | |
| 8977111540 | Circular reasoning | This restates the argument rather than actually proving it. | 5 | |
| 8977111541 | Claim | Conclusion based on some combination of reasons and assumptions. | 6 | |
| 8977111542 | Deduction | A method of organizing arguments by drawing a conclusion based on a general principle. | 7 | |
| 8977111543 | Either/or | This is a conclusion that oversimplifies the argument by reducing it to only two sides or choices. | 8 | |
| 8977111544 | Hasty generalization | This is a conclusion based on insufficient or biased evidence. In other words, you are rushing to a conclusion before you have all the relevant facts. | 9 | |
| 8977111545 | Induction | A method of organizing an argument by generalizing from the specific data | 10 | |
| 8977111546 | Logical fallacy | Common errors in reasoning that will undermine the logic of your argument. They can either be illegitimate arguments or irrelevant points, and are often identified because they lack evidence that supports the claim. | 11 | |
| 8977111547 | Post hoc ergo propter hoc | This is a conclusion that assumes that if 'A' occurred after 'B' then 'B' must have caused 'A' | 12 | |
| 8977111548 | Qualifier | A restriction placed on the claim to state that it may not always be true as stated. | 13 | |
| 8977111549 | Reservation | A restriction placed on the warrant to indicate that unless certain conditions are met, the warrant may not establish a connection between the data and the claim. | 14 | |
| 8977111550 | Straw man | This move oversimplifies an opponent's viewpoint and then attacks that hollow argument. | 15 | |
| 8977111551 | Syllogism | Classic outline of deduction used to test logic. It consists of 2 propositions and 1 conclusion. A=B B=C so A=C | 16 | |
| 8977111552 | Warrant | Expresses the assumption necessarily shared by the speaker and the audience | 17 | |
| 8977111555 | Data | Facts that support a claim, may consist of statistics, reports of personal experience, or views of experts. In the case of an argument based on a work of literature the data would consist of quotes from the text. | 18 | |
| 8977111556 | Enthymeme | a syllogism when 1 premise is assumed to arrive at the conclusion, often used to persuade | 19 | |
| 8977111557 | Slippery Slope | This is a conclusion based on the premise that if A happens, then eventually through a series of small steps, through B,C,...,X,Y,Z will happen, too, basically equating A and Z. So, if we don't want Z to occur, A must not be allowed to occur either. | 20 | |
| 8977111558 | Genetic Fallacy | A conclusion is based on an argument that the origins of a person, idea, institute, or theory determine its character, nature, or worth. | 21 | |
| 8977111559 | Red Herring | This is a diversionary tactic that avoids the key issues, often by avoiding opposing arguments rather than addressing them. | 22 | |
| 8977111560 | Moral Equivalence | This fallacy compares minor misdeeds with major atrocities. | 23 |
