Terms : Hide Images
| 12146827088 | ad hominem | a fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute | 0 | |
| 12146831208 | Straw Man | A logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, then attacking an opponent's position. | 1 | |
| 12146837036 | Begging the Question/Circular Reasoning | trying to prove one idea with another idea that is too similar to the first idea; such logical errors move backward in its attempt to move forward. Taking for granted something that really needs to be proved. (Everyone agrees that wearing uniforms improves student performance. (Ex: I can't read his handwriting because it is illegible). | 2 | |
| 12146855147 | Hasty Generalization | a fallacy in which a speaker jumps to a general conclusion on the basis of insufficient evidence | 3 | |
| 12146865187 | non sequitur | A statement that does not follow logically from evidence | 4 | |
| 12146872386 | False Dichotomy | Consists of a consideration of only the two extremes when there are one or more intermediate possibilities | 5 | |
| 12146878901 | Slippery Slope | A fallacy that assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented | 6 | |
| 12146878902 | Faulty Causality | setting up a cause-effect relationship when none exists | 7 | |
| 12146889316 | Appeal to Authority | A fallacy in which a speaker or writer seeks to persuade not by giving evidence but by appealing to the respect people have for a famous person or institution. | 8 | |
| 12146889317 | Appeal to Ignorance | A fallacy that uses an opponent's inability to disprove a conclusion as proof of the conclusion's correctness. | 9 | |
| 12146900351 | Equivocation | the use of ambiguous language to conceal the truth or to avoid committing oneself; prevarication | 10 | |
| 12146900353 | Red Herring | A fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion | 11 | |
| 12146907841 | bandwagon appeal | A claim that a listener should accept an argument because of how many other people have already accepted it. | 12 | |
| 12146911520 | Dogmatism Fallacy | the unwillingness to even consider the opponent's argument; the assumption that even when many, perhaps millions, of other people believe otherwise, only you can be correct | 13 | |
| 12146934111 | faulty analogy | an illogical, misleading comparison between two things | 14 | |
| 12146938995 | post hoc ergo propter hoc | This fallacy is Latin for "after which therefore because of which," meaning that it is incorrect to always claim that something is a cause just because it happened earlier. One may loosely summarize this fallacy by saying that correlation does not imply causation. | 15 | |
| 12146952075 | inductive reasoning | A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations. | 16 | |
| 12146952725 | deductive reasoning | reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises every morning; therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.) | 17 | |
| 12146962203 | natural selection | A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits. | 18 | |
| 12146967432 | Social Darwinism | The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion. | 19 | |
| 12146991537 | ego | the largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. Operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain. | 20 | |
| 12146996794 | Id | a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification. | 21 | |
| 12147013562 | unconscious | according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware. | 22 | |
| 12147017281 | Freud | founder of psychoanalysis; innovative treatment of human actions, dreams, and indeed of cultural artifacts as invariably possessing implicit symbolic significance has proven to be extraordinarily fruitful, and has had massive implications for a wide variety of fields including psychology, anthropology, semiotics, and artistic creativity and appreciation. | 23 | |
| 12147042972 | Darwin | English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882) | 24 | |
| 12147056630 | Ideological/Institutional/Individual | Way of organizing argument that ensures micro to macro (or macro to micro) proof--proof through hierarchy | 25 |
