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| 7550617565 | Rhetoric | Defined by Aristotle as "the faculty of obersving in any given case the available means of persuasion" in other words it is the art of finding ways to persuade an audience | 0 | |
| 7550637750 | Audience | The listener, viewer, or reader of a text. Most texts have multiple audiences | 1 | |
| 7550643179 | Concession | An acknowledgement that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable. In a strong argument it is usually accompanied by a refutation challenging the opposing argument | 2 | |
| 7550670067 | Connotation | Reading or associations readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition, denotation. Are usually positive or negative and they can greatly affect the authors tone | 3 | |
| 7550683792 | Context | The circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes and events surrounding a text | 4 | |
| 7550689416 | Counterargument | A opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward. Rather than ignoring a counterargument a good writer will usually address it through a process of concession and refutation | 5 | |
| 7550749862 | Ethos | Speaker appeals to ethos to demonstrate that they are credible and trustworthy to speak on a topic. It can be established by both who you are and what you say. | 6 | |
| 7550759266 | Logos | Appeal to reason by offering clear ideas using specific details, examples, facts, statistics, or expert testimonys to pack them up; involves claim and evidence | 7 | |
| 7550771087 | Pathos | Speaker appeals to it to emotionally motivate their audience. Might play on audiences values, desires, and hopes or fears and prejudice | 8 | |
| 7550779074 | Occasion | The time and place a speech is given or written | 9 | |
| 7550794219 | Persona | The face or character that a speaker shows to his or her audience (how Lou Gehrig presents himself as a common man who is modest and thankful for the opportunities he had) | 10 | |
| 7550807107 | Polemic | An aggressive argument that tries to establish the superiority of one opinion over all others. Generally do not concede that opposing opinions have any merit. Most of the time over a controversial topic like politics or religion | 11 | |
| 7550832542 | Propaganda | The spread of ideas and information to further a cause. In its negative sense it is the use of rumors, lies, disinformation, and scare tactics in order to damage or promote a cause | 12 | |
| 7550841834 | Purpose | The goal the speaker wants to achieve | 13 | |
| 7550844211 | Refutation | A denial of the validity of the opposing argument. Often follows a concession | 14 | |
| 7550858397 | Rhetoric appeals | Teqniques used to persuade an audience by emphasizing what they find most important or compelling. Ethos, pathos, logos | 15 | |
| 7550864508 | Soaps | Stands for subject, occasion. Audience, purpose, and speaker, to help remember the elements that make up the rhetorical situation | 16 | |
| 7550875479 | Speaker | Person or group who creates a text | 17 | |
| 7550879573 | Subject | The topic of a text. What the text is about | 18 | |
| 7550882259 | Text | Any cultural product that can be read, not just consumed and comprehended but investigated. Ex: art, photos, fiction and nonfiction, fashion | 19 | |
| 7550897887 | Alliteration | Repetition of the same sound beginning several words or syllables in a sequence | 20 | |
| 7550905983 | Let us go forth to lead the land we love | Alliteration | 21 | |
| 7550908581 | Allusion | Brief reference to a person, event, or place or to a work of art | 22 | |
| 7550920402 | Let both sides unite to heed in all corners of the earth the command of Isaiah | Allusion | 23 | |
| 7550922627 | Anaphora | Repitition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines | 24 | |
| 7550938953 | Not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need- not as a call to battle, though embattled we are | Anaphora | 25 | |
| 7550940943 | Antimetabole | Repition of words in reverse order | 26 | |
| 7550965777 | Ask not what your country can do for you: ask what you can do for your country | Antimetable | 27 | |
| 7550989764 | If you can't be with the one you love, love the one your with | Antimetable | 28 | |
| 7551003605 | Antithesis | Opposition or contrast of ideas or words in a parallel construction | 29 | |
| 7551013727 | We shall support any friend, oppose any foe | Antithesis | 30 | |
| 7551032744 | That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind | Antithesis | 31 | |
| 7551034860 | Archaic diction | Old fashioned or outdated choice of words | 32 | |
| 7551054488 | Beliefs for which our forebears fought | Archaic diction | 33 | |
| 7551058482 | Asyndeton | Omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words | 34 | |
| 7551077487 | We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to ensure the survival and the success of liberty | Asyndeton | 35 | |
| 7551086799 | Cumulative sentence | Sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on | 36 | |
| 7551110115 | Hortative sentence | Sentence that exhorts, urges, entreaty, implores, or calls to action; urging someone | 37 | |
| 7551127960 | Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us | Hortative sentence | 38 | |
| 7551134455 | Slow down your going to fast | Hortative sentence | 39 | |
| 7551139678 | Imperative sentence | Sentence used to command or enjoin; necessary action | 40 | |
| 7551176359 | Ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for our country | Imperative sentence | 41 | |
| 7551184355 | Inversion | Inverted order of words in a sentence(act of revering order) | 42 | |
| 7551202442 | Juxtaposition | Placement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences | 43 | |
| 7551223276 | Oxymoron | Paradoxical juxtaposition of words that seem to contradict one another | 44 | |
| 7551226592 | Peaceful revolution | Oxymoron | 45 | |
| 7551228294 | Parallelsim | Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses | 46 | |
| 7551264432 | Let both sides explore.... let both sides for the first time, formulate series and precise proposals... let both sides seek to invoke.... let both sides unite to heed | Parallelism | 47 | |
| 7551269004 | Periodic sentence | Sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end | 48 | |
| 7551302009 | To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew of pledge of support | Periodic sentence | 49 | |
| 7551302010 | Personification | Attribution of lifelike quality to an inanimate object or an idea | 50 | |
| 7551307235 | Rhetorical question | Figure of speech in the form of a question posed for the rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting a answer | 51 | |
| 7551313966 | Synedoche | Figure of speech that uses a part to represent a whole; refers to The Whole of a thing by the name of any of its one part | 52 | |
| 7551343028 | In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success of failure of our course | Synedoche | 53 | |
| 7551343029 | Zeugma | Use of two different words in a grammatically similar way that produces different, often often incongruous meanings | 54 | |
| 7551363542 | Ad hominem | Diversion tactic of switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker | 55 | |
| 7551372649 | Ad populum (bandwagon appeal) | When evidence boils down to everyone is doing it so it must be a good thing to do | 56 | |
| 7551382511 | You should vote to elect Rachel Johnson- she has a strong lead in the polls | Ad populum | 57 | |
| 7551384428 | Appeal to false authority | Occurs when someone on tv who has no expertise to speak on a issue is cited as an authority | 58 | |
| 7551395847 | Argument | A process of reasoned inquiry; a persuasive discourse resulting in a coherent and considered movement from a claim to a conclusion | 59 | |
| 7551407758 | Toulmin model | Approach to analyzing and constructing arguments using data, claim, and a warrant | 60 | |
| 7551418686 | Toulmin model outline | Because (evidence) therefore (claim) since (warrant) on account of (backing) unless (reservation) | 61 | |
| 7551426771 | Backing | Consists of further assurance or data with which the assumption lacks authority | 62 | |
| 7551433425 | Begging the question | Claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt. Your evidence assumes your claim is already true | 63 | |
| 7551444252 | Circular reasoning (fallacies of insufficieny) | Writer repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence | 64 | |
| 7551447328 | Claim | An assertion of a proposition. It states the arguments main idea or position. Differs from a topic or subject in that it has to be arguable | 65 | |
| 7551455561 | Claim of fact | Asserts that something is true or not( to make arguable use questionable words , make facts questionable, and take a position) | 66 | |
| 7551471817 | Claim of policy | Proposes a change (to make a argument begin with the definition of problem -claim of fact- and explain why that problem is a issue -claim of value- and the. Explain the change that needs to happen - claim of policy- | 67 | |
| 7551489285 | Claim of value | Argues that something is good bad right wrong ( there may be personal judgements or more objective evaluations based on external criteria ) | 68 | |
| 7551502552 | Classical oration | Five part argument structure used by classical rhetorics (introduction, narration, confirmation, refutation, conclusion) | 69 | |
| 7551520759 | Introduction | Introduces reader to subject under discussion | 70 | |
| 7551525092 | Narration | Provides factual and background information on the subject at hand or establishes why the subject needs addressing | 71 | |
| 7551532130 | Confirmation | Major part of text and includes the proof needed to make writers case | 72 | |
| 7551536908 | Refutation | Addresses the counterargument | 73 | |
| 7551539522 | Conclusion | Brings essay to satisfying close | 74 | |
| 7551541629 | Closed thesis | Statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make; short essay | 75 | |
| 7551550140 | Open thesis | Does not list all the points the writer intends to make; longer essay | 76 | |
| 7551557213 | Either or (false dillima fallacy) | When speaker presents two extreme choices as the only posssible choices when there could be more options | 77 | |
| 7551562073 | Faulty analogy | When an analogy compares two things that are non comparable; big difference between two topics being compared | 78 | |
| 7551570733 | Hasty generalization | Conclusion is reached off inadequate evidence; most of the time small statistics, broad claim, maybe a stereotype and not enough evidence. Also sometimes occurs when using person experience as evidence | 79 | |
| 7551589483 | Induction | Writer reasons from particulars to universals | 80 | |
| 7551599448 | Exercise promoting weight lose and lowering stress means exercise contributes to better health | Induction | 81 | |
| 7551601562 | Deduction | Reaches conclusion by starting with universal truth and applying it to a specific case. Usually demonstrated in the form of syllogism | 82 | |
| 7551618039 | Exercise contributes to better health and yoga is a exercise so yoga contributes to better health | Deduction | 83 | |
| 7551620641 | Post hoc | It is not correct to always claim that something is the cause of something just because it happened earlier. Just because two events occurred close In time doesn't mean one event caused the other | 84 | |
| 7551635485 | Qualifier | Uses words like usually, probably, maybe , in most cases to make the claim less absolute | 85 | |
| 7551644857 | Rebuttal | Gives voice to possible objections | 86 | |
| 7551647274 | Reservation | Explains terms and conditions necessities by the qualifier | 87 | |
| 7551651396 | Warrant | Expresses the assumption shared by the speaker and audience | 88 | |
| 7551656273 | Syllogism | A logical structure that uses major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion | 89 | |
| 7551663630 | Straw man | Speaker chooses deliveralty poor or oversimplified examples in order to ridicule and refute an idea. Substituting a persons actualposition with a exaggerated or misrepresented position | 90 | |
| 7551684182 | Red herring | Deliberate attempt to redirect the argument to another issue the person can respond to better | 91 | |
| 7551695487 | Ways of reasoning | Induction and deduction | 92 | |
| 7551699383 | Counterargument thesis | Summary of counterargument uses qualifiers like although or but and comes before the writers opinion | 93 |
