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AP Language Chapter 1 Vocabulary, AP Language Chapter 2 Vocabulary Flashcards

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5408802745audienceOne's listener or readership; those to whom text is addressed0
5408802746concessionAn argumentative strategy by which a speaker or writer acknowledges the validity of an opponent's point1
5408802747connotationAn implied meaning of a word2
5408802748contextWords, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning3
5408802749counterargumentAn opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward4
5408802750ethosAn appeal to an audience's sense of morality/trust; Achieved by projecting an image of credibility which supports the speaker's position5
5408802751logosAn appeal based on logic or reason6
5408802752occasionThe time and place a speech is given or a piece is written7
5408802753pathosAn appeal to emotion8
5408802754personaThe face or character that a speaker shows to his/her audience9
5408802755polemicControversial argument, esp. one attacking a specific idea10
5408802756propagandaIdeas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause.11
5408802757purposeOne's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing.12
5408802758refutationa denial of the validity of an opposing argument13
5408802759rhetoricThe art of using language effectively and persuasively14
5408802760rhetorical appealsRhetorical techniques used to persuade an audience by emphasizing what they find most important or compelling. The three major appeals are to ethos (character), logos (reason), and pathos (emotion)15
5408802761rhetorical triangleA diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (see Aristotelian triangle)16
5408802762speakerA term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a text17
5408802763subjectIn rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of text18
5408802764textAny cultural product that can be "read", meaning consumed, comprehended, and investigated. Fiction, Nonfiction, poetry, speeches, fine art, cartoons, cultural trends, performances, etc19
5408802765toneAttitudes and presuppositions of the author that are revealed by their linguistic choices (diction, syntax, rhetorical devices)20
5408802766alliterationRepetition of the same sound beginning several words or syllables in sequence.21
5408802767allusionA direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art.22
5408802768anaphoraRepetition of a word or words at the beginning of two or more successive verses, clauses, or sentences.23
5408802769antimetaboleRepetition of words in reverse order.24
5408802770antithesisAn opposition or contrast of ideas that is often expressed in balanced phrases or clauses.25
5408802771archaic dictionThe use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language.26
5408802772asyndetonA construction in which elements are presented in a series without conjunctions.27
5408802773cumulative sentenceA sentence in which the main independent clause is elaborated by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases (main clause is at the beginning).28
5408802774hortative sentenceA sentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action.29
5408802775imperative sentenceA sentence that requests or commands.30
5408802776inversionThe reversal of the normal word order in a sentence or phrase.31
5408802777juxtapositionPlacing two elements side by side to present a comparison or contrast.32
5408802778metaphorA comparison that establishes a figurative identity between objects being compared, does not use like or as.33
5408802779oxymoronA compact paradox in which two successive words seemingly contradict each other.34
5408802780parallelismSimilarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses.35
5408802781periodic sentenceA sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end.36
5408802782personificationA figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions.37
5408802783rhetorical questionA figure of speech in the form of a question posed for rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer38
5408802784synecdocheA rhetorical trope involving a part of an object representing the whole, or the whole of an object representing a part.39
5408802785zeugmaThe use of two different words in a grammatically similar way that produces different, often incongruous, meanings.40

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