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AP Language & Composition Tropes List Flashcards

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8455746184MetaphorAn implied comparison between two things of unlike nature that yet have something in common0
8455746185SimileAn explicit comparison between two things of unlike nature that yet have something in common; a comparison of two things using either "like" or "as"1
8455746186SynechdocheA figure of speech in which the part stands for the whole Example: All hands on deck.2
8455746187MetonymySubstitution of some attributive or suggestive word for what is actually meant Example: In Europe, we gave the cold shoulder to De Gaulle, and the warm hand to Mao Tse-tung. (Richard Nixon, 1960)3
8455746188Zeugmaa figure of speech in which a word, usually a verb or an adjective, applies to more than one noun, blending together grammatically and logically different ideas Example: He maintained a flourishing business and racehorse.4
8455746189Personificationinvesting abstractions or inanimate objects with human qualities or abilities. Example: He glanced at the dew covered grass, and it winked back at him.5
8455746190ApostropheAddressing an absent person or a personified abstraction. This imbues the subject with an emotional charge. Example: Death, thou shalt die (John Donne)6
8455746191Hyperbolethe use of exaggerated terms for the purpose of emphasis or heightened effect. Example: It's really ironical...I have gray hair. I really do. The one side of my head--the right side--is full of millions of gray hairs (Holden Caulfield in The Catcher in the Rye)7
8455746192LitotesDeliberate use of understatement, not to deceive someone but to enhance the impressiveness of what is stated Example: Last week I saw a woman flayed, and you will hardly believe how much it altered her appearance for the worse (Jonathan Swift, A Tale of a Tub)8
8455746193Rhetorical QuestionAsking a question, not for the purpose of eliciting an answer but for the purpose of asserting or denying something obliquely.9
8455746194SarcasmWitty language used to convey insults or scorn. Example: Ugliness is in a way superior to beauty because it lasts (Serge Gainsbourg)10
8455746195OnomatopoieaUse of words whose sound echoes the sense Example: Strong gongs groaning as the guns boom far (G.K. Chesterton, Lepanto)11
8455746196OxymoronThe yoking of two terms that are ordinarily contradictory, thus creating a startling effect. Involves a turn of meaning of juxtaposed words. Example: Sweet pain, cheerful pessimist, cruel kindness, thunderous silence.12
8455746197ParadoxAn apparently contradictory statement that nevertheless contains a measure of truth. Involves a turn of meaning in the whole statement. Art is a form of lying to tell the truth (Pablo Picasso)13

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